DOC 1.1 -- HP directory documentation ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ NOTE! This is a plain ASCII text file containing multiple documents. You may find it most convenient to view or print this file by running the DOC.EXE program (supplied on this disk) on your PC. This is the first Goodies Disk to do it this way. Hope you like it. ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ :GD9 :Hewlett-Packard Programs :-jkh- @@EPSPRINT SG EPSPRINT.TXT File (c) Hewlett-Packard Company, 1992. Overview ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ The EPSPRINT library enables you to print a graphics object on an Epson serial printer, such as the FX-80 and FX-85 printers. When attached to the HOME directory, the library is named EPPRT. (An |EPPRT| menu label is visible in the LIBRARY menu.) Two commands in the library, EPON and MAG, add an extra sublist of parameters as the fifth element in the HP 48 reserved variable PRTPAR. These parameters store information needed by your HP 48 to print graphics objects to the Epson printer. In order of occurrence in the sublist, they are as follows: o The real number 1, which indicates Epson printer type. o A real number (1, 2, or 4), which represents the magnification. This is controlled by the MAG command and has a default setting of 2, which tells the library to expand each pixel in the graphics object to a 2x2 square on the printer. o A string containing the escape sequence sent before a graphics object is printed. The default begin sequence is "A<08>", which tells the printer to set its line spacing to 8 dot rows. The only way to change this is to edit PRTPAR. o A string containing the escape sequence sent after a graphics object is printed. The default end sequence is "2", which sets the printer to its default state of 6 lines per inch. The only way to change this is to edit PRTPAR. o A string containing the escape sequence sent before each line of graphics data. This sequence, which specifies the density of the graphics, defaults to "K", telling the printer to do single-density graphics. The possible density sequences are as follows: K Single density (60 DPI) graphics. L Double density (120 DPI) graphics. Y High-speed, double density (120 DPI) graphics. This setting has some restriction on the data printed. Z Quadruple density (240 DPI) graphics. This setting has some restrictions on the data printed. The only way to change the default sequence of K is to edit PRTPAR. Installation ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ 1. Transfer the EPSPRINT.LIB file from the computer to your calculator. The menu label |EPSPR| will appear in your HP 48 VAR menu. 2. Attach the library to your HOME directory: A. Press the VAR menu label |EPSPR| to recall the library to the stack. B. Enter the port number where you want the library to reside. C. Execute STO. D. Turn the HP 48 off and then on again. |EPPRT| attaches itself and appears as a library in the LIBRARY menu. E. Purge the original copy of EPSPR in the VAR menu. Operation ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ Here are the steps to follow to print an HP 48 graphics object on an Epson compatible printer: 1. Using the serial cable 25-pin adapter and a male/male converter (not included), connect the HP 48 to the Epson printer. 2. Set the HP 48 baud (using the I/O SETUP menu) and the printer baud to match each other. Set the printer to use XON/XOFF handshaking. 3. Execute EPON (press [RS]-[LIBRARY] |EPPRT| |EPON|). 4. Optionally execute MAG. (See the description of MAG below.) 5. Execute one of the HP 48 print commands for printing graphics objects PRLCD, PR1, or PRVAR. ([ON]-[PRINT] does not work and should be avoided.) 6. If you wish to switch back to printing on the HP 82240 Infrared Printer, execute EPOFF (press [RS]-[LIBRARY] |EPPRT| |EPOFF|). Command Summary ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ These commands are contained in the PCL library: o EPON: Enables special graphics printing and adds the previously explained sublist to PRTPAR. Also sets flag -34 and clears flag -33 so that printing is directed to the wired serial port, and modifies IOPAR to enable transmit pacing (XON/XOFF) and to set parity to "none." o EPOFF: Disables special graphics printing and clears flag -34 (so that printing will be directed to an HP 82240B printer). EPOFF does not change the sublist in PRTPAR--the magnification setting and other changes are preserved for the next time you execute EPON. o MAG: Takes a real number from level 1 and puts it in the magnification position in the sublist in PRTPAR. Allowable arguments are 1, 2, or 4 (the sign is ignored). A magnification of N causes one pixel in the graphics object to be expanded to an NxN square on the printer. @@FXRECV -G (Hp.programs) Item: 100 by sysop@hpcvbbs.external.hp.com [Cary McCallister] Subj: xmodem code fix Date: 15 Sep 1993 In HP48G/GX versions L-P the largest object that XRECV can receive is about half the size of available memory. FXRECV allows larger objects to be recieved, approximately up to available memory minus 2000 bytes. FXRECV can be used like XRECV would be used (same argument), and also allows objects to be received into a port. If the object to be received is a library, just place the port number on the stack and execute FXRECV. For example, enter 0 FXRECV to receive a library to port 0. If the object is not a library then place the usual :: on the stack and execute FXRECV. For example, :1:ABC FXRECV will store the object in port 1 under the name ABC. @@INPRT SG INPRT.TXT File (c) Hewlett-Packard Company, 1992. Overview ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ The INPRT application reads infrared (IR) printer output from different Hewlett-Packard calculators into the HP 48 stack. INPRT assumes that the incoming bytes would print with the Roman 8 character set on an HP 82240 printer, and it remaps these bytes to the HP 48 character set (ISO 8859 Latin 1). Installation ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ Transfer the INPRT file from your computer to the HP 48. (Use binary if you're transferring INPRT from the HP 48.) The |INPRT| menu label will show up in your HP 48 VAR menu. (If your calculator has a double-spaced print mode, set it to single-spaced print.) Procedure ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ These are the steps for transferring IR printer output to the HP 48: 1. Line up the calculators. (See "Alignment Instructions" below.) 2. Press |INPRT| on the HP 48. (INPRT terminates in 10 seconds if no IR output is received.) 3. Execute the print command on the other calculator. 4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 as needed to transfer additional output. Results ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ When the transfer is complete, the HP 48 returns the received data to the stack in the form of a string to level 2 and a flag to level 1. If the flag is 0, uncorrectable transfer errors were detected; if the flag is 1, there still may be missing bytes. The 1 means that each byte that was detected was received correctly. You should still check the received data since there may be a linefeed in strings, names, expressions, etc. more than 24 characters long. If the flag is 0, each byte that was not correctable is a gray blot (character number 127) in the level 2 string. Alignment Instructions ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ The calculators should be no more than 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) apart for the transmission. Also, other alignment issues apply to several calculators: o For the HP 41: The IR printer module should be in one of the top ports, and the shiny "IR cone" in the center of the module should be aligned between the E and T of HEWLETT on the HP 48's Hewlett-Packard logo. o For the HP 27S, HP 17B, and HP 42S: The calculator must be raised 0.3 inches (0.75 cm). The center of the LED (which is located at the top end of the calculator in line between the E and W of HEWLETT) should be aligned between the E and T of HEWLETT on the HP 48's Hewlett-Packard logo. o For the HP 28, HP 18C, and HP 19B: Just line up the calculator's LED between the E and T of HEWLETT on the HP 48's Hewlett-Packard logo. @@OBJFIX SG OBJFIX by HP. When a binary object received by Kermit on the HP-48 is left as a string beginning with HPHP48, OBJFIX will extract the HP-48 object if the only problem is that extra bytes got appended to the end. OBJFIX takes a variable name in stack level 1 and modifies the contents of the variable if no other problems are detected. [Note: This is like FIXIT by Horn & Heiskanen on Goodies Disk #8, but this one is by HP and so I suppose it's more reliable. Although it fails the test cases included with FIXIT, that may be because they were artifically contrived cases. Try both on real-world downloads that need fixing. Which do you like better? -jkh-] @@PCLPRINT SG PCLPRINT.TXT File (c) Hewlett-Packard Company, 1992. Overview ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ The PCLPRINT library enables you to print a graphics object on a PCL printer, such as the HP ThinkJet, HP DeskJet, and HP LaserJet printers. When attached to the HOME directory, the library is named HPPRT. (An |HPPRT| menu label is visible in the LIBRARY menu). Two commands in the library, HPON and MAG, add an extra sublist of parameters as the fifth element in the HP 48 reserved variable PRTPAR. These parameters store information needed by your HP 48 to print graphics objects to the PCL printer. In order of occurrence in the sublist, the parameters are as follows: o The real number 0, which indicates PCL printer type. o A real number, which represents the magnification. This is controlled by the MAG command and has a default setting of 2, which tells the library to expand each pixel in the graphics object to a 2x2 square on the printer. o A string containing the escape sequence sent before a graphics object is printed. The default begin sequence is "*r0A", which tells the printer to start printing raster graphics at the left margin. The only way to change this is to edit PRTPAR. o A string containing the escape sequence sent after a graphics object is printed. The default end sequence is "*rB", which tells the printer to end raster graphics and execute a carriage-return and linefeed. The only way to change this is to edit PRTPAR. Installation ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ 1. Transfer the PCLPRINT.LIB file from the computer to your calculator. The menu label |PCLPR| will appear in your HP 48 VAR menu. 2. Attach the library to your HOME directory: A. Press the VAR menu label |PCLPR| to recall the library to the stack. B. Enter the port number where you want the library to reside. C. Execute STO. D. Turn the HP 48 off and then on again. |HPPRT| attaches itself and appears as a library in the LIBRARY menu. E. Purge the original copy of PCLPR in the VAR menu. Operation ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ Here are the steps to follow to print an HP 48 graphics object on a PCL printer: 1. Using the serial cable 25-pin adapter and a male-male gender converter (not included), connect the HP 48 to the PCL printer. 2. Set the HP 48 baud (using the I/O SETUP menu) and the printer baud to match each other. Set the printer to use XON/XOFF handshaking. 3. Execute HPON (press [RS]-[LIBRARY] |HPPRT| |HPON|). 4. Optionally execute MAG and DPI. (See descriptions of these commands below.) 5. Execute one of the HP 48 print commands for printing graphics objects-- PRLCD, PR1, or PRVAR. ([ON]-[PRINT] does not work and should be avoided.) 6. If you wish to switch back to printing on the HP 82240 Infrared Printer, execute HPOFF (press [RS]-[LIBRARY] |HPPRT| |HPOFF|). Command Summary ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ These commands are contained in the PCL library: HPON Enables special graphics printing and adds the previously explained sublist to PRTPAR. Also sets flag -34 and clears flag -33 so that printing is directed to the wired serial port, and modifies IOPAR to enable transmit pacing (XON/XOFF) and to set parity to "none." HPOFF Disables special graphics printing and clears flag -34 (so that printing will be directed to an HP 82240B printer). HPOFF does not change the sublist in PRTPAR--the magnification setting and other changes are preserved for the next time you execute HPON. MAG Takes a real number from level 1 and puts it in the magnification position in the sublist in PRTPAR. A magnification of N causes one pixel in the graphics object to be expanded to an NxN square on the printer. (MAG 0 effectively disables printing.) DPI Takes a real number from level one and sends an escape sequence to set the printer to that number of dots per inch. This command only works for the HP DeskJet and HP LaserJet printers. [To set a ThinkJet's graphic dot density, you must send the appropriate escape codes yourself; PCLPRINT.LIB won't do it. -jkh-] Special Note For The HP LaserJet Printer ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ Since the HP LaserJet printer won't print until it gets a whole page of data, you need to send a formfeed character (character number 12) to print a graphics object of less than one page. You can do this by putting a string containing a formfeed character in level 1 and executing PR1. (You can also edit the sublist in PRTPAR so that the end-sequence string contains a formfeed. This would cause each graphics object to be printed on its own page.) @@PTLIB -G HP 48 G Series Periodic Table Library Copyright (c) Hewlett-Packard 1989-1993 1. Introduction The HP 48 Periodic Table Library is a RAM-based version of the Periodic Table application that was originally distributed in the HP 82211A HP Solve Equation Library Card. This application is freeware, and may be distributed freely as long as this copyright notice is retained. 2. Keystroke Identification Text items that you enter, such as a name, number, or molecular formula are written as you would type them. Primary keys are enclosed in brackets ([]), such as [ALPHA] or [ENTER]. Menu keys are enclosed in braces ({}), such as {PERTB}. The shift keys are written as [leftshift] and [rightshift]. The arrow keys are written as [v] (downarrow), [^] (leftarrow), [<] (leftarrow), and [>] (rightarrow). 3. Installing the Periodic Table The Periodic Table is implemented as a library object, with library ID number 703. To install the library, perform the following steps: + Download the library ptlib to the HP 48 in binary mode. + Recall the library to the stack. + Purge the variable that the library was stored in. + Store the library in a port, such as port 0. For instance, when the library object is in level one of the stack, execute 0 [STO]. + Turn the calculator off, then on again. The calculator will perform a system halt, which updates the system configuration to recognize the new library. The Periodic Table library will automatically attach itself to the HOME directory. + NOTE: This library will NOT work on the S Series. 4. Removing the Periodic Table Library To remove the Periodic Table library, perform the following steps: + Ensure that the library does not appear on the stack as "Library 703:...". Either store the library in a variable or execute NEWOB to create a unique copy. + Switch to the HOME directory. + Enter the port-tagged library number. For instance, if the Periodic Table Library is stored in port 0 enter :0:703, or if the library is store in port 2 enter :2:703. + Duplicate the library number, execute DETACH ([leftshift] [LIBRARY] {DETAC}), then execute PURGE. + You may also wish to purge any instances of the reserved variable PTpar (described below). 5. The Reserved Variable PTpar The Periodic Table application saves information in a variable named PTpar. This information includes the last element viewed, the last property viewed, and the order of properties in the property catalog. When the Periodic Table is started, the current directory is searched for the existence of PTpar. If this variable does not exist, a new copy will be created. 6. Periodic Table Version Press [rightshift] [LIBRARY] {PRTBL} {PTVER} to display the version number of the Periodic Table Library. 7. Using the Periodic Table To start the Periodic Table, execute PERTBL (press [rightshift] [LIBRARY] {PRTBL} {PERTB}). The main Periodic Table display shows a picture of the periodic table. Each square represents one element. The black pointer (1) marks the location of the current element. For the current element, the display also shows the element name (2), mass number (3), symbol (4), atomic number (5), atomic weight (6), density (7), and physical state (9) - solid, liquid, gas, or synthetic - at standard temperature for gases and at room temperature for others. ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘― § SODIUM § § £Ž¨ (2) £Ž¨ § § 3 3 3 3 § § ~AŽŽ¨ £ŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽŽ' (3) N N § § 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 23 NN N (4) § § ~AŽŽ' ~AŽŽŽŽŽŽ' N N N § § 3–3 3(1) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 11 N NN aa § § ~AŽŽŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ' (5) N N aaa § § 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 § § ~AŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ' § § 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 § § ~AŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ' AT WT: (6) § § 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 22.98977 § § ~AŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž— § § 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 § § …Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž— § § § § £ŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽƒŽ¨ DENSITY (7) § § 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0.97 § § ~AŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ' § §(8)SOL 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 § § …Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž Ž— § § § ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‰‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‰‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‰‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‰‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‰‘‘‘‘‘‘‘1 § TABLE § NAME § SYMB § ATWT § DENS § QUIT § Š‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ˆ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ˆ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ˆ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ˆ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ˆ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘¬ Each of these properties is listed fully with units in the catalog of properties - see "Finding Element Properties". The Periodic Table is a special environment in which you can find information about elements and molecules. The following diagram shows how to switch among the displays and catalogs. {TABLE} {NAME} {SYMB} 3 3 3 ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘― ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘― ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘― § § § § § § § Grid Display § § Name Catalog § § Symbol Catalog § § § § § § § Š‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘¬ Š‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘¬ Š‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘¬ 3 3 [ENTER] [ENTER] [ENTER] 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 [ENTER] 3 3 3 3 3 3 ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘― 3 3 3 …ŽŽŽŽŽ § § ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ— 3 3 § Property List § 3 3 § § 3 {EXIT} Š₯‘‘‘₯‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘¬ 3 3 3 3 3 …ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ— 3 3 3 {PLOT} [ATTN] 3 3 3 3 3 3 ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‹‘‘― 3 § § …ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ Property Plot § § § Š‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘¬ In the main Periodic Table display, you can perform the operations listed in the following table. [v][^][<][>] Moves the pointer in the table, wrapping around rows or columns. With [rightshift], moves the pointer to the extreme of the current row or column. [<] or [>] wraps to the adjacent row. [^] or [v] moves to or from the rare-earth area. [alpha] Enter the characters for a symbol or molecular formula, then press [ENTER]. This moves the pointer to the element having the symbol entered, or calculates molecular weights. Multiple character entry is allowed. {ATWT} Puts the atomic weight of the current element on the stack. {DENS} Puts the density of the current element on the stack. {QUIT} Exits from the application. [ATTN] Exits from the application. 7.1 Using Catalogs The Periodic Table uses catalogs to display lists of names, symbols, or properties. These catalogs share a common set of procedures for moving around, and are similar to those built into the Equation Library and the Constants Library. The following table lists the operations you can perform. [^] Moves the highlight up through the catalog. (The highlight can wrap around to the bottom.) [leftshift][^] moves the highlight to the top of the display or up one display. [rightshift][^] moves the highlight to the top of the catalog. [v] Moves the highlight down through the catalog. (The highlight can wrap around to the top.) [leftshift][v] moves the highlight to the bottom of the display or down one display. [rightshift][v] moves the highlight to the bottom of the catalog. [alpha] Moves the highlight to the next line starting with the alpha character you type. (The highlight can wrap around to the top.) 7.2 Finding Element Names and Symbols The Periodic Table provides two catalogs containing names and symbols of elements in alphabetical order. You can use these catalogs to find names or symbols or to make a certain element the current element: + To find the symbol for a certain element name, press {NAME}. Use [^] and [v] to move to the element, or use [alpha] to enter the first letter of the name. + To find the name for a certain element symbol, press {SYMB}. Use [^] and [v] to move to the element, or use [alpha] to enter the first letter of the symbol. + To make a certain element the current element, do either of the previous steps, then press {TABLE}. You can also find element properties from the name and symbol catalogs - see the next topic. 7.3 Finding Element Properties The Periodic Table contains a collection of physical properties of elements, such as melting-point temperature and heat of vaporization. Values are based on the "Periodic Table of the Elements" published by the Sargent-Welch Scientific Company - they may differ from values from other sources. To display the catalog of properties for a certain element, follow these steps: 1. Select the element in one of these ways: + Move the pointer to the element in the Periodic Table display. + Press [alpha], type the symbol for the element, then press [ENTER]. + Get the name or symbol catalog, then move the highlight to the element. 2. Press [ENTER]. The catalog shows each property name and value, including units (if units are used). The property catalog provides the operations listed in the following table (including the operations common to all catalogs). The property you point to last is the one that's highlighted in the next property catalog. [^][v] Moves the highlight up or down the catalog. [alpha] Moves the highlight to specified alpha line. [ENTER] Shows a wide (...) item completely - press [ENTER] or [ATTN] to return to the catalog. {PLOT} Plots the highlighted property as a function of atomic number. (See "Plotting Properties".) {UNIT*} Indicates units used. {UNIT} Indicates units not used. {MOVE} Moves the highlighted property to the top of the catalog for this and future catalogs. {->STK} Puts the highlighted property in level 1 of the stack. {EXIT} Returns to the Periodic Table display at this element. [ATTN] Exits the Periodic Table application. The following table lists the properties in the order they're included in the Periodic Table, plus the type of object associated with each property. Certain properties are not numeric - they're represented as string objects. Properties of Elements ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘₯‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘₯‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘― § Property 3 Object 3 Property § § 3 Type 3 Number § €ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ § Atomic Number 3 Real 3 1 § § Mass Number* 3 Real 3 2 § § Atomic Weight 3 Unit 3 3 § § Density* 3 Unit 3 4 § § Oxidation States* 3 String 3 5 § § Electronic Configuration 3 String 3 6 § § State 3 String 3 7 § § Melting Point 3 Unit 3 8 § § Boiling Point 3 Unit 3 9 § § Heat of Vaporization 3 Unit 3 10 § § Heat of Fusion 3 Unit 3 11 § § Specific Heat 3 Unit 3 12 § § Group (U.S. customary) 3 String 3 13 § § Family 3 String 3 14 § § Crystal Structure 3 String 3 15 § § Atomic Volume* 3 Unit 3 16 § § Atomic Radius 3 Unit 3 17 § § Covalent Radius 3 Unit 3 18 § § Thermal Conductivity* 3 Unit 3 19 § § Electrical Conductivity* 3 Unit 3 20 § § First Ionization Potential 3 Unit 3 21 § § Electronegativity (Pauling's nbr.)3 Unit 3 22 § § Oxide Behavior 3 String 3 23 § § Element Name** 3 String 3 24 § § Element Symbol** 3 Name 3 25 § Š‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‹‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‹‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘¬ * See the notes that follow this table. ** Not included in the property catalog, but listed in the title of the catalog. Notes about properties: Mass number for a stable element is based on the isotope with the highest percent abundance; for a radioactive element, it's based on the longest half-life. Density for a gas is at 273 K with units of g/l; for others, it's at 300 K with units g/cm^3. Oxidation states are in order of most stable to least stable. Atomic volume for a gas is for its liquid state at the boiling point; for others, it's derived from the density at 300 K. Thermal conductivity is measured at 300 K. Electrical conductivity is measured at 293 K. Some properties for certain elements are annotated with special information, such as indicating estimated values or special conditions. For example, the note for the atomic weight of francium indicates that the value is for francium's most stable form. Such properties appear in the catalog with * as the first character - you can search for this annotation by pressing [alpha] [X] (multiply). To see the property and annotation, highlight it and press [ENTER]. If you have one or more properties that you use frequently, you can change the catalog to make these properties always appear at the top of the catalog. To move a property to the top of the catalog (for this and future catalogs), highlight the property you want at the top, then press {MOVE}. (Note that this does not affect the property numbers listed in the previous table.) To restore all properties to their original order, purge the variable PTpar. 7.4 Plotting Properties You can plot any numeric-valued property as a function of atomic number for all elements. (You can't plot non-numeric properties.) This is useful for finding elements with certain characteristics and for observing the periodic nature of many properties. To plot a property, follow these steps: 1. Get a property catalog for any element. 2. Highlight the property you want to plot. 3. Press {PLOT}. The plot includes a pointer just below the plot marking the current element. The bottom line gives the name, symbol, and property value for the current element. You can scale the plot to find certain elements or values. You can return to the property catalog for the original element or to the Periodic Table display for another element. [<][>] Moves the pointer to the left or right. With [leftshift], moves the pointer 10 elements left or right. With [rightshift] moves the pointer to the first or last element. [ENTER] Returns to the Periodic Table display at the element marked by the plot pointer. [ATTN] Returns to the previous property catalog. 7.5 Putting Information on the Stack You can put information on the stack from the Periodic Table display, from a catalog of properties, or from a command: + From the Periodic Table display, press {ATWT} to put the atomic weight of the current element on the stack, or press {DENS} to put its density on the stack. + In a property catalog, press {->STK} to put any highlighted property on the stack. + From outside the Periodic Table, use the PTPROP command to put its density on the stack. (See "Using Periodic Table Commands" later in this document.) 7.6 Choosing Unit Options The Periodic Table properties and commands have two choices for units: SI units or no units (implied SI units). The numeric values don't change for these choices, but the type of objects put on the stack does depend on your choice. The choice of units usage is represented by the state of flag 61. If flag 61 is clear, units are used; units are used if the flag is set. In any catalog of properties, you can choose SI units or no units by pressing the {UNITS} menu key. {UNIT*} means SI units are used, {UNITS} means units are not used. 7.7 Calculating Molecular Weights You can calculate the molecular weight of any compound using the Periodic Table: + From the Periodic Table display, press [alpha], enter the formula for the compound, then press [ENTER]. Use [<-] to correct typing mistakes. The operation is described below. + From outside the Periodic Table, use the MOLWT command. (See "Using Periodic Table Commands" later in this document.) When you press [alpha] in the Periodic Table display, the application prompts for the molecular formula and automatically locks the alpha keyboard on. The application accepts any formula containing combinations of items listed below. (If you enter only an element symbol, the pointer moves to that element instead.) + Element symbols (letters). Only the first letter of a two- or three- letter symbol is uppercase (use [leftshift] to enter lowercase letters) - NiN and NIN are different compounds. Letters that don't form valid symbols aren't accepted. + Subscripts (numbers). Indicate multiples of the preceding element or group. Decimal numbers are allowed. + Groups (parentheses). Join elements, subscripts, and groups. Use [leftshift][()] for (. Use [rightshift][()] for ), or unlock alpha and press [>]. These are samples of valid molecular formulas: INPUT: MEANING: ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ NaF NaF H2SO4 H SO 2 4 Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH) 2 Zn3(Fe(CN)6)2 Zn [Fe(CN) ] 3 6 2 Press [ENTER] to calculate the molecular weight. Then + To put the molecular weight and formula on the stack (and return to the Periodic Table display), press [ENTER]. + To just return to the Periodic Table display, press [ATTN]. The molecular weight contains SI units if you're using units - otherwise, no units are included. You can change this option in the property catalog for any element - see "Choosing Unit Options" earlier in this document. 8. Using Periodic Table Commands The Periodic Table Library includes four commands that you can execute from the menu, in the command line, and in programs. You can view the command names by pressing [rightshift] [LIBRARY] {PRTBL} [rightshift] [VIEW]. ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘₯‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘₯‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘― § Key 3Programmable3 Description § § 3 Command 3 § €ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ § {PERTB} 3 PERTBL 3 Starts the Periodic Table. It § § 3 3 doesn't affect the stack. § § 3 3 § § {PTPRO} 3 PTPROP 3 Returns the specified property § § 3 3 for the specified element. § § 3 3 § § {MOLW} 3 MOLWT 3 Returns the molecular weight § § 3 3 for the specified molecular § § 3 3 formula. § § 3 3 § § {PTVER} 3 PTVER 3 Displays the version number of § § 3 3 the Periodic Table Library. § Š‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‹‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‹‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘¬ 8.1 Getting Properties with a Command You can get element properties using the PTPROP command instead of using the Periodic Table display. PTPROP takes the element's symbol or atomic number from level 2, and the property number from level 1. Define the element using either its symbol (a name, such as 'Si') or its atomic number (such as 14). Define the property using the property number (such as 9 for the boiling point temperature). Property numbers are listed in the "Properties of Elements" table under "Finding Element Properties" earlier in this document. For example, both of these program segments return the boiling-point temperature for silicon: << ... 'Si' 9 PTPROP ... >> << ... 14 9 PTPROP ... >> If you use PTPROP as an algebraic function, you must use the symbol to define the element - you can't use its atomic number. For example, this program segment is valid: << ... 'PTPROP(Si,9)' EVAL ... >> Note that if units are not used (flag 61 set) a real number is returned instead of a unit object. 8.2 Calculating Molecular Weights with a Command You can calculate molecular weights using the MOLWT command instead of using the Periodc Table display. With certain restrictions, you can define the molecular formula in either of two forms: + A string, such as "H2O". Valid for any formula. + A name, such as 'H2O'. Valid only for formulas without parentheses. You can store a molecular formula in a variable, then use the variable name with MOLWT. You should do this when you want to use MOLWT in an expression and the formula contains parentheses or matches an HP 48 command name. You must use care when naming a variable that contains a formula string or name. Make sure the variable name itself isn't a valid formula - for example, start the variable name with a lowercase letter. (If the variable name is a valid formula, using MOLWT with the variable name returns the molecular weight for the variable name, not for the formula it contains.) For example, if you store the formula for ethyl alcohol ("C2H6O") in variables SUDS and HOPS, 'MOLWT(SUDS)' [EVAL] gives the molecular weight for ethyl alcohol, but 'MOLWT(HOPS)' gives the weight for hydrogen-oxygen- phosphorus-sulfur. ("SUDS isn't a valid molecular formula, but "HOPS" is.) If your formula is the same as an HP 48 reserved word, such as SIN, you must supply it as a string. @@STPWATCH SG STPWATCH.TXT File (c) Hewlett-Packard Company, 1992. Overview ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ The STPWATCH application provides stopwatch functionality for the HP 48: o Real-time, menu-driven "ticking" stopwatch (to 100 hours). o Stopwatch reset. o Split recall and storage (memory limited only). o Split display and print (absolute and relative) in H.MS format. o Programmable stopwatch commands. The program creates a list in a user variable named SWDAT: SWDAT --> { n array(mx2) d } where: n = Real non-negative integer (number of stored splits). Default for n is 0. array(mx2) = Real two-dimensional array (mx2) permitting m stored splits. Default for m is 25. d = Real delay (seconds) between display of splits. Default is 0.4. For example, the following command sequence creates a SWDAT that permits storage of 100 splits and provides a delay of 0.5 seconds between display of stored splits. 0 { 100 2 } 0 [MTH] |MATR| |MAKE| |CON| 0.5 3 |PRG| |LIST| |->LIST| 'SWDAT [STO] Procedure ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ 1. Transfer the STPWATCH.LIB file from the computer to the calculator. The menu label |STPW| will appear in your HP 48 VAR menu. 2. Attach the library to your HOME directory: A. Press the VAR menu key |STPW| to recall the library to the stack. B. Enter the port number where you want the library to reside. C. Execute STO. D. Turn the HP 48 off and then on again. |SW-B| attaches itself and appears as a library in the LIBRARY menu. E. Purge the original copy of STPW in the VAR menu. Operation ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ 1. Press [RS]-[LIBRARY] |SW-B| to display the stopwatch program menu keys. 2. Press |DOSW| to enter the stopwatch environment. Use the |START|, |STOP|, and |RESET| menu keys to operate the stopwatch; use [ENTER] to record splits without stopping the stopwatch. 3. Press [ATTN] to exit the stopwatch application. Menu Keys ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ |DOSW| Enters the stopwatch environment; displays stopwatch menu. |START| Activates stopwatch. |STOP| Halts stopwatch. |RESET| Resets stopwatch time and number of stored splits to zero. (Press [ENTER] to record splits while the stopwatch continues running.) |VSP+| Views split specified by level 1 argument n; successive presses increment (n+1) and view remaining splits. |VSP-| Views split specified by level 1 argument n; successive presses decrement (n-1) and view remaining splits. |VALL| Views all splits (once) with specified delay. |PSP+| Prints split specified by level 1 argument n; returns n+1 to stack. |PALL| Prints all stored splits. |RCLSP| Returns the absolute (level 2) and relative (level 1) values of split specified by level 1 argument. (|RCLSP| is found on page 2 of the menu.) |RESET| Resets stopwatch time and number of stored splits to zero. (|RESET| is found on page 2 of the menu.) Stopwatch Display ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘― £ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ §00025 00:00:12:34 § Stopwatch time 3 £ŽŽŽŽŽŽ §00003 00:00:09:82 § Last key press 3 3 § § 3 3 3 Number of stored splits. 3 Number of splits that can be stored. Note: As with any program, leaving the stopwatch running for extended periods will drain the batteries and could result in loss of all data stored in the calculator. Also, while the stopwatch is running, alarms are disabled. @@USAG SG USAG.TXT File V 1.0 07/06/93 (c) Hewlett-Packard Company, 1992. Overview ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ The USAG (usage) application enables you to review the stack argument object type usage for any command built into the HP 48 or any library command. Installation ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ Transfer the USAG file from your computer to the HP 48. The |USAG| menu label will show up in your HP 48 VAR menu. Procedure ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ 1. Enter on stack level 1 a list containing a command name. 2. Press the |USAG| menu key. The HP 48 displays a screen with usage information for the command you specified in step 1. Example ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ Assuming that you transferred the USAG program to your HP 48, that you entered a list containing the COS command in level 1, and that you pressed |USAG| in the VAR menu, here's the screen you get: £ŽŽŽŽŽCommand or function identifier Command or function £ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ¨ nameŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ 3 COS (Funct.) ‰S 3 ŽŽSpecial £Ž 3 #1 of 4 3 function 3 3 3 attributes ArgumentŽŽ— 3 3 type set 3 3 number £Ž 31: Real Number 3 3 ~AŽŽŽŽƒŽƒŽŽŽŽƒŽŽƒŽŽŽŽŽƒŽŽƒŽŽŽŽ' ArgumentŽŽ— 3NEXT3 3PREV3 3PRINT3 3EXIT3 ŽŽMenu labels type set …ŽŽŽŽ Ž ŽŽŽŽ ŽŽ ŽŽŽŽŽ ŽŽ ŽŽŽŽ— This screen first tells you that COS is a function (all commands are either RPN commands or functions). Also, following the "(Funct.)" in your display (indicated here by " ‰S" ) there are three additional special function attribute characters: (1) a down arrow, which indicates the function has an inverse (for ISOL), (2) a derivative symbol, which indicates the function has a derivative, and (3) an integral symbol, which indicates that you can integrate the function. These characters do not appear when the displayed command does not have the corresponding properties. The second line of the screen, showing "#1 of 4," tells you that there are four possible combinations of argument types for COS, and that the first one is currently displayed. Like COS, some commands have only a few acceptable combinations of argument types; others may have many more. The next several lines of the USAG screen show the argument types accepted by the command and their corresponding stack levels. For COS you are first shown that it can operate on a real number in level 1. COS takes just one argument, but for commands that require more, all the arguments are shown on their appropriate stack levels. Argument names match specific HP 48 object types. (The exceptions are "Any," which means that all object types are acceptable; "Symbolic," which means that the argument can be an algebraic, a global name, or a local name; and "PICT".) The menu keys at the bottom of the screen enable you to cycle forward (|NEXT|) and backward (|PREV|) through the argument type combinations. As you press |NEXT| and |PREV|, the second line of the display is updated, for instance, to "#2 of 4", then "#3 of 4", and so on. The calculator beeps when you step past the last argument type combination (back to the first), or step backwards from first to last. When you want to exit the application, press |EXIT| to return to the normal stack display. (Pressing the [ON] key also exits the application.) The |PRINT| key prints all of the argument combinations to the current printer port. If you use USAG to check the usage of a command that takes no arguments or has just one argument combination, the USAG menu labels don't appear, and the display disappears at the next keystroke. USAG operation depends on a common structure shared by most HP48 and library commands. If a command deviates from the common structure, USAG displays may be incomplete. For example, USAG applied to ->Q shows only the single argument "Any", which is not very helpful. In the great majority of cases, USAG will be accurate, but you may need to refer to the Advanced User's Reference Manual.