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          SWL AND DX ABBREVIATIONS
           - compiled by Al Quaglieri
              AFRICA editor, SPEEDX

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Here is an admittedly incomplete compendium of the
more common abbreviations to be found in bulletins
of the various SWL clubs in North America. Since
most SWL clubs operate very close to the bone
financially, they have found ingenious ways to
minimize printing costs by squeezing as much 
information as possible into a limited space. As 
a consequence, many of these abbreviations have
become the de facto "shorthand" of the avid DX'er.
As you read more and more SWL bulletins and DX
publications, you will become increasingly
familiar with this language, and eventually you
will come to understand it without using this
listing. Until then, here come the hieroglyphics!

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*0000 = station signed on at 0000 UTC
0000* = station signed off at 0000 UTC
73 = best wishes
88 = love and kisses
// = in parallel with
@ = at
a = approximately
AA = Arabic
ABC = Radio Australia
ACE = Ass'n of Clandestine Radio Enthusiasts
ADN = Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst (E. German News)
Aer = Aeradio
aero = aeronautical
Af = Africa
AFB = Air Force Base
AFN = American Forces Network
AFP = Agencie France Presse
AFRTS = Armed Forces Radio/TV Service
AIR = All India Radio
AK = Afrikaans
AM = amplitude modulation
AMTOR = AMateur Telex Over Radio (form of RTTY)
AN = all night
ANARC = Assoc. of N. American Radio Clubs
ancd = announced
ancr = announcer
anmt(s) = announcements
ANO = Africa #1 (Gabon)
ANSA = Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Assoziata (Italy News)
AP = Associated Press
AR = Arabic
ARO = ham (it's just as easy to say HAM!!)
ARQ = Automatic Repetition on reQuest (form of RTTY)
As = Asia
ASECNA = Agence pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne en
     Afrique et a Madagascar
ASWLC = American ShortWave Listeners Club
ATA = Agence Telegraphique Albanaise
AWR = Adventist World Radio
BBC = British Broadcasting Corp.
BBCMS = BBC Monitoring Service
b/c = broadcast
BCB = broadcast band
b/cing = broadcasting
BCC = Broadcasting Corp. of China
BRT = Belgian Radio & TV
BSKSA = Broadcasting Service of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
CA = Central America(n)
CAm = Central America(n)
CANMIL = Canadian military
CARACOL = Primera Cadena Radial Colombiana
Carib = Caribbean
CBC = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
CBCNQS = CBC Northern Quebec Service
CC = Chinese
cd = card
CE = chief engineer
cen = central
CETEKA = Ceskoslovensko Tiskova Kancelar (Czech News)
CH = Chinese
ch = channel
CIDX = Canadian International DX Club
cl = classical [music]
Cl. = Club(e) (in Latin American station names)
cland = clandestine
clg = calling
cl mx = classical music
cmty = commentary
CNA = Central News Agency Inc. (Taiwan)
comms = communications
cont = continuous
CP = Bolivian
CPBS = Central People's Broadcasting Station (China)
CQ = general inquiry HAM call ("I wish to contact anyone")
CW = Morse code telegraphy ("continuous wave")
c/w = country music
C&W Ltd. = Cable & Wireless Limited
cx = commercial
DD = Dutch
de = from
Dif, diff = difudora, difusao, or diffusion (as in RDif TV
     Senegal, or Radio Diffusion Television du Senegal,
     abbreviation for full station name) 
dj = disk jockey
DSWCI = Danish Shortwave Club Int'l.
DW = Deutsche Welle (Voice of Germany)
dx = long distance reception
DXLD = DX Listening Digest
DXO = DX Ontario (publication of Ontario DX Assn)
E = East(ern)
EAf = East Africa
ECNA = East Coast North America
EE = English
EG = English
EMBRATEL = Empresa Brasileira de Telecomunicaciones
Emis = Emissora
ES = External Service
Eu = Europe 
ex = formerly
exc = excellent
Ext = external
EZL = easy-listening (music)
FAA = Federal Avaition Administration
FAF = French Air Force
FAX = facsimile
FCC = Federal Communications Commission
f/d = full data
FDM = Frequency Division Multiplex (form of RTTY)
FE = far east
FEBA = Far East Broadcasting Ass'n (Seychelles)
FEBC = Far East Broadcasting Company (Philippines)
FEMA = Federal Emergency Management Agency
FEN = Far East Network (Japan)
FF = French
FIBS = Falkland Islands Broadcasting Station
f/in = fade-in
f/out = fade-out
fr = fair
FR = French
FRCN = Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria
freq(s) = frequency(-ies)
FS = Foreign Service
FSK = Frequency shift keying (used in RTTY)
FT = Fine Tuning (publication)
f/up = follow-up reception report
gd = good
GBC = Ghana Broadcasting Corp.
GDR = German Democratic Republic
GG = German
GK = Greek
GMT = Greenwich Mean Time (now called UTC)
GOS = general overseas service
govt = government
HAC = Heard All Continents
het = heterodyne, whistle
hi! = laughter
HIC = Heard Individual Countries
HIS = Heard Individual Stations or States
hrd = heard
HS = home service
hvy = heavy
ID = station identification
IDed = identified
IFSS = In Flight Safety Station
II = Indonesian, Italian
incl = including
int(l) = international
intvw = interview
IRC = International Reply Coupon
INA = Islamic Republic News Agency
irr = irregular
IS = Interval signal
IT = Italian
ITU = International Telecommunications Union
JANA = Jamahiriyah News Agency
JJ = Japanese
JP = Japanese
KBS = Korean Broadcasting System
KCBS = Korean Central Broadcasting Station
KCNA = Korean Central News Agency
kHz = kiloHertz
KK = Korean
KO'ed = knocked out or covered
KR = Korean
KUNA = Kuwait News Agency
kw = kilowatt
KYODO = Kyodo Tsushin (Japan News)
L = listed
LA = Latin America(n)
LAm = Latin America(n)
lang = vernacular, slang for any unidentified language
lcl = local
LJB = Libyan Jamahiriyan Broadcasting
LL = language lessons
LSB = lower sideband
lt = light
LT = local time
ltr = letter
LV = La Voz (Latin American station names)
lvl = level
lw = longwave
m = measured (when frequency was measured with special equipment)
M = man
m = meter
MAP = Mutuelle Africaine de Presse
MARS = Military Affiliated Radio System
mb = meter band
MCW = modulated continuous wave
ME = Middle East
MFA = Ministry of Foreign Affairs
mHz = megaHertz
mkr = marker
mod = modulation
MOR = middle of the road (music)
ms = mint stamps 
M/V = motorized vessel (ship)
mw = mediumwave
mx = music
n = nominal frequency
N = North(ern)
NA = national anthem
NA = North America
Nac = nacional (as in R. Nac de Chile)
NAf = Northern Africa
NAS = Naval Air Station
NASWA = North American Shortwave Ass'n.
NAVRAD = Naval Radio
NAWS = Notice to Allied War Ships
NBC = National Broadcasting Commission
n/d = no data (QSL)
net = network
nf = new frequency
NHK = Nippon Hoso Kyokai (Radio Japan)
NU = Numero Uno (publication/club)
nx = news
o/ = over
OA = Peruvian
oc = open carrier
ODXA = Ontario DX Ass'n.
OM = man (leftover from ham jargon; simple "M" preferred)
orch = orchestral
ORF = Osterreichischer Rundfunk (R. Austria Int'l.)
OTH = over-the-horizon radar system
p = presumed
PAP = Polska Agencija Prasowa (Polish Press)
p/d = partial-data (QSL)
pgm = program
PNG = Papua New Guinea
pop mx = popular music
poss = possible
PP = Portuguese
ppc = prepared card
pr = poor
prop = propagation
PT = Portuguese
PTP = point to point
PTT = Post Telephone & Telegraph
QBS = Qatar Broadcasting Service
QRM = interference
QRN = static
QSB = fading
QSL = verification
QTH = location
R = Radio
RA = Radio Australia
RAE = Radiodifusion Argentina al Exterior
RAF = Royal Air Force
RAI = Radio TV Italiana
RBC = Radio Beijing, China
RBI = Radio Berlin International
RC = Radio Clube
RCI = Radio Canada International
RCN = Radio Cadena Nacional
rcvr = receiver
RDI = Radio Database International (also called "Passport to     
   World Band Radio")
RDif = Radiodifusion
RDP = Radiodifusao Portuguesa
REE = Radio Exterior de Espana
rel = religious, religion
req = request
RFE = Radio Free Europe
RFI = Radio France International
RFO = Radio Francaise d'Outre Mer
RHC = Radio Havana Cuba
RIAS = Radio In the American Sector (Berlin)
RIB = Review of International Broadcasting
RL = Radio Liberty
RM = Radio Moscow
RMWS = Radio Moscow World Service
RN = Radio Nederland
RNZ = Radio New Zealand
rp = return postage
rpt = report
RR = Russian
RRI = Radio Republik Indonesia
RSA = Radio Republic South Africa
RSP&P = Radio Station Peace & Progress
RTBF = Radio-Television Belge de la Communaute Francaise
RTL = Radio-Tele-Luxembourg
RTM = Radiodiffusion Television Marocaine
RTTY = radio teletype
RTV = Radio Television
RUB = Radio Ulan Bator (Mongolia)
S = South(ern)
SA = South America(n)
SAAM = Soviet Antarctic Meteo
SABC = South African Broadcasting Corporation
SAC = Strategic Air Command
SAf = South Africa(n)
SAm = South America(n)
SAs = South Asia
SASE = self addressed stamped envelope
SCDX = Sweden Calling DXers
sce = service
SEA(s) = South East Asia
sfc = surface
SFTS = standard frequency & time station
SIBC = Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corp.
SINPO = 5-digit report of reception quality  = Signal strength/  
   Interference/ Noise/ Propagation (fading)/Overall
SIO = 3-digit report of reception quality (abbreviated version of
    above system)
SITOR = ShIp Telex Over Radio (form of RTTY)
sked = schedule
SLBC = Sri Lanka Broadcasting Company
s/off = sign off
s/on = sign on
spt = sport(s)
spur = spurious emission 
SRI = Swiss Radio International
SS = Spanish
SSB = single sideband
stn = station
svc = service
SW = shortwave
SWBC = shortwave broadcast
SWL = shortwave listener
SWLD = ShortWave Listeners Digest (R. Canada Int'l.)
t =tentative
TANJUG = Telegrafska Agencija Nova Jugoslavija
TAP = Tunis Afrique Presse
TASS = Telegrafnoje Agentstwo Sowjetskojo Sojussa (Soviet News)
TC = time check
TDM = Time Division Multiplex (form of RTTY)
TELAM = Telegrafica Americana (Argentine News)
tent = tentative
tfc = traffic
t/in = tune-in
tk = talk
tlk = talk
TLX = telex
TODELAR = Circuito Todelar de Colombia
TOR = Telex Over Radio (form of RTTY)
t/out = tune-out
tp(s) = time pip(s)
TRT = Turkish Radio and TV
TS = time signal
TT = test tone, test transmission, test tape
TWR = Trans World Radio
u/ = under
unID = unidentified
unk = unknown
USAF = United States Air Force
USB = upper sideband
USCG = United States Coast Guard
USIA = United States Information Agency
USN = United States Navy
UTE = utility
v = variable (as in frequency)
V = Voice
verie = verification
vern = vernacular
vg = very good 
VIC = Verified Individual Countries
VIS = Verified Individual Stations or States
VM = voice mirror, voice marker
VN = vernacular (local dialect)
VNA = Vietnamese News Agency
VO = Voice Of (as in station name)
VOA = Voice of America
VOFC = Voice of Free China
VOGAH = Voice of the Greater Arab Homeland (Libya)
VOIRI = Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran
VOV = Voice of Vietnam
v/s = verification signer
VV = Vietnamese
W = woman, West(ern), watt(s)
w/ = with
WAf = West Africa
WCNA = West Coast North America
wk = weak
wkg = working
wld = world
w/out = without
WOR = World of Radio program
WRTH = World Radio TV Handbook
WS = world service
wx = weather
XINHUA = New China News Agency
xmit = transmit
xmsn = transmission
xmtr = transmitter
YL = young lady/woman (ham leftover; simple "W" preferred)