Network Working Group Stan Hanks INTERNET DRAFT Technology Transfer Associates Tony Li Dino Farinacci Paul Traina cisco Systems September 8, 1993 Generic Routing Encapsulation over IPv4 networks Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet Drafts. Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working draft" or "work in progress". Introduction In an earlier memo[HLFT], we described GRE, a mechanism for encapsulating arbitrary packets within an arbitrary transport protocol. This is a companion memo which describes the use of GRE with IP. This memo addresses the case of using IP as the delivery protocol or the payload protocol and the special case of IP as both the delivery and payload. This memo also describes using IP addresses and autonomous system numbers as part of a GRE source route. IP as a delivery protocol GRE packets which are encapsulated within IP will use IP protocol type 47. Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 1] Internet Draft August 1993 IP as a payload protocol IP packets will be encapsulated with a Protocol Type field of 0x800. For the Address Family value of 0x800, the Routing Information field will consist of a list of IP addresses and indicates an IP source route. The first octet of the Routing Information field constitute a 8 bit integer offset from the start of the Source Route Entry (SRE), called the SRE Offset. The SRE Offset indicates the first octet of the next IP address. The SRE Length field consists of the total length of the IP Address List in octets. This has the form: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Address Family | SRE Offset | SRE Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | IP Address List ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ For the Address Family value of 0xfffe, the Routing Information field will consist of a list of Autonomous System numbers and indicates an AS source route. The third octet of the Routing Information field contains an 8 bit unsigned integer offset from the start of the Source Route Entry (SRE), called the SRE Offset. The SRE Offset indicates the first octet of the next AS number. THe SRE Length field consists of the total length of the AS Number list in octets. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Address Family | SRE Offset | SRE Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | AS Number List ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IP as both delivery and payload protocol When IP is encapsulated in IP, the TTL, TOS, and IP security options MAY be copied from the payload packet into the same fields in the delivery packet. The payload packet's TTL MUST be decremented when the packet is decapsulated to insure that no packet lives forever. Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 2] Internet Draft August 1993 IP source routes When a system is processing a SRE with an Address Family indicating an IP source route, it MUST use the SRE Offset to determine the next destination IP address. If the next IP destination is this system, the SRE Offset field should be increased by four (the size of an IP address). If the SRE Offset is equal to the SRE Length in this SRE, then the Offset field in the GRE header should be adjusted to point to the next SRE (if any). This should be repeated until the next IP destination is not this system or until the entire SRE has been processed. If the source route is incomplete, then the Strict Source Route bit is checked. If the source route is a strict source route and the next IP destination is NOT an adjacent system, the packet MUST be dropped. Otherwise, the system should use the IP address indicated by the Offset field to replace the destination address in the delivery header and forward the packet. Autonomous system source routes When a system is processing a SRE with an Address Family indicating an AS source route, it MUST use the SRE Offset field to determine the next autonomous system. If the next autonomous system is the local autonomous system, the SRE Offset field should be increased by two (the size of an autonomous system number). If the SRE Offset is equal to the SRE Length in this SRE, then the Offset field in the GRE header should be adjusted to point to the next SRE (if any). This should be repeated until the next autonomous system number is not equal to the local autonomous system number or until the entire SRE has been processed. If the source route is incomplete, then the Strict Source Route bit is checked. If the source route is a strict source route and the next autonomous system is NOT an adjacent autonomous system, the packet should be dropped. Otherwise, the system should use the autonomous system number indicated by the SRE Offset field to replace the destination address in the delivery header and forward the packet. The exact mechanism for determining the next delivery destination address given the AS number is outside of the scope of this document. Security Considerations Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 3] Internet Draft August 1993 Security considerations are not discussed in this memo. Authors' Addresses: Stanley P. Hanks Technology Transfer Associates P.O. Box 2087 Bellaire TX, 77402 stan@tta.com Tony Li cisco Systems, Inc. 1525 O'Brien Drive Menlo Park, CA 94025 tli@cisco.com Dino Farinacci cisco Systems, Inc. 1525 O'Brien Drive Menlo Park, CA 94025 dino@cisco.com Paul Traina cisco Systems, Inc. 1525 O'Brien Drive Menlo Park, CA 94025 pst@cisco.com References HLFT Hanks, S., Li, T, Farinacci, D., Traina, P. "Generic Routing Encap- sulation", Work in progress Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 4]