Network Working Group Simpson Internet Draft Daydreamer expires in six months March 1993 PPP LCP Extensions Status of this Memo This memo is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments on this memo should be submitted to the ietf-ppp@ucdavis.edu mailing list. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet Drafts. Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.'' Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net, nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the current status of any Internet Draft. Abstract The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method of encapsulating Network Layer protocol information over point-to-point links. PPP also defines an extensible Link Control Protocol. This document defines several additional LCP features which have been suggested over the past year. Simpson expires in six months [Page i] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 1. Additional LCP Packets The Packet format and basic facilities are already defined for LCP [1]. Up-to-date values of the LCP Code field are specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. This document concerns the following values: 13 Time-Remaining Simpson expires in six months [Page 1] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 1.1. Time-Remaining Description This Code provides a mechanism for notifying the peer of the time remaining in this session. The nature of this information is advisory only. It is intended that only one side of the connection will send this packet (generally a "network access server"). The session is concluded by the Terminate-Request packet. Implementation Note: This notification is defined as a separate LCP Code, rather than a Configuration-Option, in order that changes and warning messages may occur dynamically during the session, and that the information might be determined after Authentication has occurred. Typically, this packet is sent at the beginning of a session, and at regular intervals throughout the session, particularly near the end of the session. A summary of the Time-Remaining packet format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Code | Identifier | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Magic-Number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Seconds-Remaining | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Message ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- Code 13 for Time-Remaining Identifier The Identifier field is one octet and is for use by the Time- Remaining sender. Length >= 12 Simpson expires in six months [Page 2] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 Seconds-Remaining The Seconds-Remaining field is four octets and indicates the number of integral seconds remaining in this session. This 32 bit unsigned value is sent most significant octet first. A value of 0xffffffff (all ones) represents no timeout, or "forever". Message The Message field is zero or more octets, and its contents are implementation dependent. It is intended to be human readable, and MUST NOT affect operation of the protocol. It is recommended that the message contain displayable ASCII characters 32 through 126 decimal. Mechanisms for extension to other character sets are the topic of future research. The size is determined from the Length field. Simpson expires in six months [Page 3] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 2. Additional LCP Configuration Options The Configuration Option format and basic options are already defined for LCP [1]. Up-to-date values of the LCP Option Type field are specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. This document concerns the following values: 9 FCS-Alternatives 10 Self-Describing-Padding 13 Callback 15 Compound-Frames Simpson expires in six months [Page 4] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 2.1. FCS-Alternatives Description This Configuration Option provides a method for an implementation to specify another FCS format to be sent by the peer, or to negotiate away the FCS altogether. This option is negotiated separately in each direction. However, it is not required that an implementation be capable of concurrently generating a different FCS on each side of the link. The negotiated FCS values take effect only during Authentication and Network-Layer Protocol phases. Packets sent during any other phase MUST contain the default FCS. Implementation Note: For most PPP links, the default FCS is the 16-bit FCS. Some future high speed links may use another format as the default FCS. A summary of the FCS-Alternatives Configuration Option format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right. 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Options | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 9 Length 3 Options This field is one octet, and is comprised of the "logical or" of the following values: 1 Null FCS 2 16-bit FCS Simpson expires in six months [Page 5] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 4 32-bit FCS 2.1.1. LCP considerations The link can be subject to loss of state, and the LCP can re- negotiate at any time. When the LCP begins renegotiation or termination, it is recommended that the LCP Configure-Request or Terminate-Request packet be sent with the last negotiated FCS, followed by a duplicate packet with the default FCS. The packet identifier SHOULD be incremented for each such packet. On receipt of a LCP Configure-Request or Terminate-Request packet, the implementation MUST change to the default FCS for both transmission and reception. If the Request packet received does not contain the default FCS, it MUST be silently discarded. Implementation Notes: The need to send two packets is only necessary after the Alternative-FCS has already been negotiated. It need not occur during state transitions when there is a natural indication that the default FCS is in effect, such as the Down and Up events. This does not include the Ack-Sent state, since the peer could mistakenly believe that the link has Opened. It is possible to send a single 48-bit FCS which is a combination of the 16-bit and 32-bit FCS. This may be sent instead of sending the two packets described above. We have not standardized this procedure because of intellectual property concerns. If such a 48-bit FCS is used, it MUST only be used for LCP packets. 2.1.2. Null FCS The Null FCS SHOULD only be used for those network-layer protocols which have an end-to-end checksum available, such as TCP/IP, or UDP/IP with the checksum enabled. That is, the Null FCS option SHOULD be negotiated together with another non-null FCS option in a heterogeneous environment. When a configuration (LCP or NCP) or authentication packet is sent, the FCS MUST be included. When a configuration (LCP or NCP) or authentication packet is received, the FCS MUST be verified. There are several cases to be considered: Simpson expires in six months [Page 6] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 Null FCS alone This means that it is not necessary to check the FCS when a packet is received. Any FCS is treated as padding. Receipt of an Authentication packet would be discovered after passing the packet to the demultiplexer. Verification of the FCS can easily be accomplished using one of the software algorithms defined in LCP [1] (16-bit FCS) and Appendix A (32-bit FCS). Null FCS with another FCS, using software This is the same as the above case, except every packet is checked (or not checked) after demultiplexing. Null FCS with another FCS, using hardware The packet MUST NOT be discarded until after demultiplexing. The incorrect FCS MUST be passed with the rest of the data. A flag would be passed with the packet indicating that it has not passed the FCS check, and only those packets that require the FCS are discarded. All three FCS forms (Null, 16 and 32) may be used concurrently on different packets when using software. That is probably not possible with most current hardware. Simpson expires in six months [Page 7] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 2.2. Self-Describing-Padding Description This Configuration Option provides a method for an implementation to indicate to the peer that it understands self-describing pads when padding is added at the end of the PPP Information field. This option is most likely to be used when some protocols, such as network-layer or compression protocols, are configured which require detection and removal of any trailing padding. Such protocols are identified in their respective NCP documents. If the option is Rejected, the peer MUST NOT add any padding to the identified protocols, but MAY add padding to other protocols. If the option is Ack'd, the peer MUST follow the procedures for adding self-describing pads, but only to the specifically identified protocols. The peer is not required to add any padding to other protocols. Implementation Notes: This is defined so that the Reject handles either case where the peer does not generate self- describing pads. When the peer never generates padding, it may safely Reject the option. When the peer does not understand the option, it also will not successfully configure a protocol which requires the option. While some senders might only be capable of adding padding to every protocol or not adding padding to any protocol, by design the receiver need not examine protocols which do not need the padding stripped. To avoid unnecessary configuration handshakes, an implementation which generates padding, and has a protocol configured which requires the padding to be known, SHOULD include this Option in its Configure-Request, and SHOULD Configure-Nak with this Option when it is not present in the peer's Request. Each octet of self-describing pad contains the index of that octet; that is, three pad octets would contain the values 1, 2, 3. After removing the FCS, the final pad octet contains the number of pad octets to remove. The maximum pad value is also negotiated. Only the values 1 through the maximum are used. When no padding would otherwise be required, but the final octet of the PPP Information field Simpson expires in six months [Page 8] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 contains the values 1 through the maximum, at least one self- describing pad octet MUST be added to the frame. If the final octet is distinguishable from a pad octet, no additional padding is required. Implementation Notes: The first pad octet MUST contain the value one (1) to prevent confusion with the Compound-Frames option. If any of the pad octets contain an incorrect index value, the entire frame SHOULD be silently discarded. This is intended to prevent confusion with the FCS-Alternatives option, but might not be necessary in robust implementations. Since this option is intended to support compression protocols, the maximum pad value is specified to limit the likelihood that a frame may actually become longer. Simpson expires in six months [Page 9] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 A summary of the Self-Describing-Padding Configuration Option format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right. 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Maximum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 10 Length 3 Maximum This field specifies the largest number of padding octets which may be added to the frame. The value may range from 1 to 255, but values of 2, 4, or 8 are most likely. Simpson expires in six months [Page 10] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 2.3. Callback Description This Configuration Option provides a method for an implementation to request a dial-up peer to call back. This option might be used for many diverse purposes, such as savings on toll charges. When Callback is successfully negotiated, the Authentication phase proceeds directly to Termination phase. Implementation Note: A peer which agrees to this option SHOULD request the Authentication-Protocol Configuration Option. The user information learned during authentication can be used to determine the user location, or to limit a user to certain locations, or merely to determine whom to bill for the service. A summary of the Callback Option format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Operation | Message ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 13 Length >= 3 Operation The Operation field is one octet and indicates the contents of the Message field. 0 location is determined by user authentication 1 telephone number 2 location identifier Simpson expires in six months [Page 11] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 Message The Message field is zero or more octets, and its general contents are determined by the Operation field. The actual format of the information is site or application specific, and a robust implementation should support many formats. The size is determined from the Length field. Simpson expires in six months [Page 12] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 2.4. Compound-Frames Description This Configuration Option provides a method for an implementation to send multiple PPP Protocol datagrams within the same packet. This option might be used for many diverse purposes, such as savings on toll charges. Only those Protocols which have determinate lengths or integral length fields may be aggregated into a compound frame. When Compound-Frames is successfully negotiated, the sender MAY add additional datagrams to the same frame. Each datagram is immediately followed by another Protocol field, with its attendant datagram. When padding is added to the end of the Information field, the procedure described in Self-Describing-Padding is used. Therefore, this option MUST be negotiated together with the Self- Describing-Padding option. If the FCS-Alternatives option has been negotiated, and no self- describing padding has been added, the final datagram MUST be followed by a single octet containing the value one (1). On receipt, the first Protocol field is examined, and the datagram is processed as usual. For those datagrams which have a determinate length, the remainder of the frame is returned to the demultiplexor, and treated as a new Protocol field. This processing is complete when a datagram is processed which does not have a determinate length, when the remainder of the frame is empty, or when the Protocol field is determined to have a value of one (1). The PPP Protocol value of one (1) is reserved as the Padding Protocol. Additional octets are removed as padding. Simpson expires in six months [Page 13] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 A summary of the Compound-Frames Option format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right. 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 15 Length 2 2.4.1. LCP considerations During initial negotiation, the Compound-Frames option can be used to minimize the negotiation latency, and the number of packets exchanged. The first LCP Configure-Request frame is sent as usual in a single packet, including the Self-Describing-Padding and Compound-Frames options. The peer SHOULD respond with a Configure-Ack, followed in a compound frame by its LCP Configure-Request, and any NCP Configure-Requests desired. Upon receipt, the local implementation SHOULD process the Configure- Ack as usual. Since the peer has agreed to send compound frames, the implementation MUST examine the remainder of the packet for additional datagrams. If the peer also specified the Self- Describing-Padding and Compound-Frames options, the local implementation SHOULD retain its Configure-Ack, and further NCP configuration packets SHOULD be added to the return packet. Together with the peer's final return packet, the minimum number of packets to complete configuration is 4. Simpson expires in six months [Page 14] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 A. Fast Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Implementation A.1. 32-bit FCS Computation Method The following code provides a table lookup computation for calculating the 32-bit Frame Check Sequence as data arrives at the interface. /* * u32 represents an unsigned 32-bit number. Adjust the typedef for * your hardware. */ typedef unsigned long u32; static u32 fcstab_32[256] = { 0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f, 0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988, 0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2, 0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7, 0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9, 0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172, 0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b, 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c, 0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59, 0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423, 0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924, 0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106, 0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433, 0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d, 0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01, 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e, 0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950, 0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65, 0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7, 0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0, 0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa, 0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f, 0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81, 0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, Simpson expires in six months [Page 15] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a, 0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84, 0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1, 0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb, 0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc, 0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5, 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e, 0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b, 0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55, 0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236, 0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28, 0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d, 0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f, 0x72076785, 0x05005713, 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38, 0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242, 0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777, 0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69, 0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2, 0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc, 0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9, 0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693, 0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94, 0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d }; #define PPP_INITFCS32 0xffffffff /* Initial FCS value */ #define PPP_GOODFCS32 0xfebb20e3 /* Good final FCS value */ /* * Calculate a new FCS given the current FCS and the new data. */ u32 pppfcs32(fcs, cp, len) register u32 fcs; register unsigned char *cp; register int len; { ASSERT(sizeof (u32) == 4); ASSERT(((u32) -1) > 0); while (len--) Simpson expires in six months [Page 16] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 fcs = (((fcs) >> 8) ^ fcstab_32[((fcs) ^ (*cp++)) & 0xff]); return (fcs); } main() { int len; u32 fcs; unsigned char buf[10]; fcs = PPP_INITFCS32; while ((len = read(0, buf, sizeof buf)) > 0) fcs = pppfcs32(fcs, buf, len); printf("0x%08X\n", fcs); exit(0); } Simpson expires in six months [Page 17] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 Security Considerations Security issues are not discussed in this memo. References [1] Simpson, W.A., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", RFC 1331, May 1992. [2] Reynolds, J.K., Postel, J.B., "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1340, July 1992. Acknowledgments Some of the original text for FCS-Alternatives was provided by Arthur Harvey (then of DEC). The Null FCS was requested by Peter Honeyman (UMich). The 32-bit FCS example code was provided by Karl Fox (Morning Star Technologies). Self-Describing-Padding was suggested and named by Fred Baker (ACC). Compound-Frames was suggested by Keith Sklower (Berkeley). The Time-Remaining feature was suggested by Brad Parker (then of Cayman). Chair's Address The working group can be contacted via the current chair: Brian Lloyd B.P. Lloyd & Associates, Inc. 3420 Sudbury Road Cameron Park, California 95682 Phone: (916) 676-1147 EMail: brian@lloyd.com Author's Address Questions about this memo can also be directed to: William Allen Simpson Simpson expires in six months [Page 18] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 Daydreamer Computer Systems Consulting Services P O Box 6205 East Lansing, MI 48826-6205 EMail: Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu Simpson expires in six months [Page 19] DRAFT PPP LCP extensions March 1993 Table of Contents 1. Additional LCP Packets ................................ 1 1.1 Time-Remaining .................................. 2 2. Additional LCP Configuration Options .................. 4 2.1 FCS-Alternatives ................................ 5 2.1.1 LCP considerations .............................. 6 2.1.2 Null FCS ........................................ 6 2.2 Self-Describing-Padding ......................... 8 2.3 Callback ........................................ 11 2.4 Compound-Frames ................................. 13 2.4.1 LCP considerations .............................. 14 APPENDICES ................................................... 15 A. Fast Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Implementation ........ 15 A.1 32-bit FCS Computation Method ................... 15 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 18 REFERENCES ................................................... 18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 18 CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 18 AUTHOR'S ADDRESS ............................................. 18