^Puerto Rico^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Cerromar Beach & Dorado Beach)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Italy^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Hotel de la Ville, Rome)^,^^,^^,^Preferred (Ambasciatori Palace in Rome)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Catania, Padova & Rome)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Jamaica^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Ocho Rios does not participate with American Airlines)^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (Jamaica Pegasus in Kingston)^,^^,^Wyndham (Kingston & Montego Bay)^,^^,^^,^^ ^Bahamas^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Nassau)^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (Nassau Beach Hotel)^,^^,^Wyndham (Nassau)^,^^,^^,^^ ^U.S. Virgin Islands^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Stouffer (St. Thomas)^,^^,^^,^Wyndham (St. Thomas)^,^^,^^,^y^ ^England^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (London)^,^InterContinental (Forum Hotel, London & 4 ICs in London)^,^Marriott (London)^,^^,^Preferred (The Dorchester in London)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (London)^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (Several hotels in London, Gatwick, etc., see TF specials)^,^^,^^,^Holiday Inn;^,^^,^y^ ^France^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Cannes & Paris)^,^Marriott (Paris)^,^^,^Preferred (Hotel Le Bristol/Paris, but does not participate with the airlines)^,^Radisson (Concorde Lafayette/Paris, but does not participate with the airlines)^,^^,^^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (George V in Paris)^,^^,^^,^Holiday Inn^,^^,^^ ^Germany^,^CP (Bremen, Hamburg, & Frankfurt Plazas)^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Cologne)^,^InterContinental^,^Marriott (Hamburg)^,^^,^Preferred (Various hotels in several cities, see Preferred Specials for info)^,^Radisson (Movenpick Hotels in several cities, see Radisson Specials for info)^,^^,^Sheraton (Essen, Frankfurt & Munich) Do not participate with American Airlines^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (The Dom in Cologne)^,^^,^^,^Kempinski; Holiday Inn^,^^,^y^ ^Luxemborg^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Philippines^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Manila & Baguio)^,^InterContinental (Manila, Batangas & Davao City)^,^^,^^,^Preferred (The Manila Peninsula, but it does not participate with the Delta)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Manila)^,^^,^^,^Westin (Manila)^,^^,^Mandarin (Manila)^,^^,^^ ^Singapore^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt^,^InterContinental (The Pavilion)^,^^,^^,^Preferred (Goodwood Park Hotel)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton^,^^,^^,^Westin (Raffles City)^,^^,^Ming Court^,^^,^^ ^Oman^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Muscat) Does not participate with American Airlines^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Muscat)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Denmark^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Copenhagen)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^y^ ^Mexico^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt* (Acapulco,Cancun,Chihuahua,Guadalajara & Villahermosa) See Hyatt special^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Radisson (Acapulco, Cancun, Mexico City & Tijuana)^,^^,^Sheraton (See Sheraton specials for all locations)^,^^,^^,^Westin (Eleven locations in Mexico, see Westin comments for locations)^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Japan^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Tokyo)^,^InterContinental (Tokyo)^,^^,^^,^Preferred (The Imperial in Tokyo & Royal in Osaka but not with Delta)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Okinawa, Osaka & Tokyo) also the New Otani^,^^,^^,^Westin (Akasaka Prince & Tokyo Prince in Tokyo & The Miyako in Kyoto)^,^^,^Prince Hotels (Tokyo only)^,^^,^^ ^Australia^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt* (Adelaide, Canberra, Coolum, Melbourne, Sanctuary Cove & Sydney) See spc^,^InterContinental (Sydney)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton* Double CI points (Alice Springs) 1/1-2/28/89^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Regent International and Southern Pacific^,^^,^^ ^South Korea^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Cheju, Pusan & Seoul)^,^^,^^,^^,^Preferred (The Hotel Lotte)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Seoul)^,^^,^^,^Westin Chosun Beach (Pusan) and Chosun Seoul^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Bermuda^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Marriott^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (The Bermudiana, Belmont & Harmony Hall)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Jordan^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Amman & The Amra Hotel, Amman & The Forum Hotel, Petra)^,^Marriott (Amman)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Egypt^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Cairo)^,^InterContinental (Cairo)^,^Marriott (Cairo)^,^^,^^,^Radisson (Movenpick Hotels in Cairo & Luxor)^,^^,^Sheraton* (Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor & Hurghada) Dbl CI pts (Cairo) 4/1-5/1/89^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Saudi Arabia^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt* (Gizan, Jeddah, Riyadh & Yanbu) Double GP points (Jeddah) til 2/28/89^,^InterContinental^,^Marriott (Jeddah & Riyadh)^,^^,^^,^Radisson (Movenpick in Jeddah)^,^^,^Sheraton (Al Hada, Medina & Riyadh)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Greece^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Athens)^,^Marriott (Athens)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^y^ ^Switzerland^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Montreux)^,^InterContinental (Geneva)^,^^,^^,^Preferred (Various hotels in several cities, see Preferred Specials for info)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Zurich)^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (Hotel Zurich, The Des Bergues in Geneva & Le Plaza in Basel)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^y^ ^British Virgin Islands^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Grand Cayman)^,^^,^^,^^,^Preferred (Peter Island)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Austria^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Vienna & Wein)^,^Marriott (Vienna)^,^^,^Preferred (Hotel Im Palais Schwarzenberg in Vienna)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Innsbruck & Salzburg)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Norway^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Preferred (Holmenkollen Park Hotel in Oslo)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Oslo)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^y^ ^Israel^,^CP (Tiberias Plaza) Does not participate with Canadian Airlines.^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Jerusalem)^,^InterContinental (Jerusalem)^,^^,^^,^Preferred (The Daniel in Herzlia, but it doesn't partcipate with the airlines)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Jerusalem & Tel Aviv)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Hong Kong^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt^,^InterContinental^,^Marriott^,^^,^Preferred (The Peninsula, but it does not participate with the airlines)^,^Radisson (Park Lane)^,^^,^Sheraton^,^^,^^,^Westin (The Shangri-La)^,^^,^Mandarin^,^^,^^ ^Ireland^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (The Forum Hotel, Belfast, but doesn't co-op with Pan Am)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (Shelbourne in Dublin & Old Ground in Ennis)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Holland^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (The American, Amstel & Victoria Hotels in Amsterdam)^,^Marriott (Amsterdam)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (The Apollo in Amsterdam)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Manaco^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (Beach Plaza in Monte Carlo)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Scotland^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (The George Hotel, Edinburgh)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Edinburgh)^,^^,^Trusthouse Forte (The Albany in Galsgow)^,^^,^^,^Holiday Inn^,^^,^^ ^Malaysia^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur & Kuantan)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Kuching) (Does not participate with American)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Ming Court^,^^,^^ ^Indonesia^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Bali, Jakarta & Bumi Surabaya)^,^InterContinental (Jakarta)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Mandarin (Jakarta)^,^^,^^ ^Macau^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Mandarin (The Oriental)^,^^,^^ ^Thailand^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Bangkok)^,^InterContinental (Bangkok)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Bangkok)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Mandarin (The Oriental in Bangkok)^,^^,^^ ^Belgium^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Brussels)^,^InterContinental (The Brussels Europa Hotel)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Brussels)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Bora Bora^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Fiji Islands^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Nadi)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Regent International and Southern Pacific^,^^,^^ ^Hungary^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Budapest)^,^InterContinental (Budapest & The Forum Hotel, Budapest)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^India^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (New Delhi)^,^InterContinental (Bombay & New Delhi)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Agra, Bangalore, Bombay, Madras & New Delhi) (New Delhi not w/AA)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Kuwait^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Kuwait City)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Morocco^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Casablanca & Rubat)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^New Zealand^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Auckland, Queenstown & Rotorua)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Auckland & Rotorua)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Regent International & Southern Pacific^,^^,^y^ ^Tunisia^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Hammamet)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Bahrain^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Manama)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Manama)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^United Arab Emerates^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Dubai)^,^InterContinental (Dubai & Abu Dhabi)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Abu Dhabi & Dubai)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Portugal^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Lisbon)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Lisbon, Funchal & Porto)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Sweden^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Stockholm & Gothenburg)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^y^ ^Poland^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Warsaw & The Forum Hotel, Warsaw)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Argentina^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Buenos Aires) Does not participate with American Airlines^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Brazil^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Rio de Janeiro)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Rio de Janeiro & Sao Paulo)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Chile^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Santiago)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Bangladesh^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Dhaka)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Bolivia^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (La Paz) (Does not participate with American)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Brunei^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Bandar Seri Begawan)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Bulgaria^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Sofia) Does not participate with American Airlines^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Canary Islands^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^China^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Shanghai & Tianjin)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton* (Beijing, Shanghai & Tianjin) Double CI points (Beijing) 1/1-3/15/89^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Costa Rica^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (San Jose)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Dominican Republic^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Radisson (Puerto Plata)^,^^,^Sheraton (Santo Domingo)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^East Africa^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Djibouti)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^El Salvador^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (San Salvador) (Does not participate with American)^,^^,^^,^Westin (San Salvador)^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Gabon^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Franceville)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Libreville) (Does not participate with American)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Guatemala^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Guatemala City)^,^^,^^,^Westin (Guatemala City)^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Iraq^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Baghdad & Basrah)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Nepal^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Kathmandu)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Nigeria^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Lagos)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Pakistan^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Karachi, Khyber, Lahore & Rawalpindi)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Karachi)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Peru^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Lima)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Qatar^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Doha)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Spain^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Madrid)^,^^,^^,^Preferred (Palace Hotel in Madrid)^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Majorca)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Holiday Inn^,^^,^y^ ^Syria^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Damascus)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Taiwan^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Taipei)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Turkey^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Istanbul)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^y^ ^Venezuela^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Caracas, Ciudad Guyana, Valencia & Hotel del Lago/Maracaibo)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Caracas)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^West Africa^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Benin & Bissau)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Yemen^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton* (Sana'a) Double CI points 1/1-12/31/89^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Zaire^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Kinshasa)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Lumbumbashi)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Central Africa^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Zimbabwe)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Finland^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Helsinki)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Columbia^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Cali, Medellin & The Hotel Tequendama, Bogota)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Nicargua^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Managua)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Equador^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Quito)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Sri Lanka^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Columbo)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Republic of Vanuatu^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Port Vila)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Ivory Coast^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Abidjan & Golf Hotel)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Zambia^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Livingstone & Lusaka)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Kenya^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Mombasa, Nairobi & Mount Kenya Safari Clubs/Nairobi & Nanyuki^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Mombasa)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Yugoslavia^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Belgrade & Zagreb)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Romania^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Bucharest)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Czechoslovakia^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^InterContinental (Prague)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Panama^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Marriott (Panama City)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Barbados^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Marriott^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^South Africa^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Westin (The Carlton in Johannesburg)^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Cyprus^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Limassol)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Seychelles^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Mahe)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Mariana Islands^,^^,^^,^^,^Hyatt (Saipan)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Benin^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Cotonou)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Djibouti^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Guinea^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Bissau)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Uganda^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Kampala)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^ ^Zimbabwe^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^Sheraton (Harare)^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^,^^