Jack Sheppard
Jacob Jordaens
Jacob Ruisdael
Jacobites
Jacopo Robusti
Jacques Cousteau
Jacques Louis David
Jacques Offenbach
Jacques Thibaud
Jakob Grimm
James Boswell
James Bowdoin
James Brindley
James Clark Ross
James Connolly
James Corbett
James Destri
James Fenimore Cooper
James Ferrier
James Flecker
James Gillray
James Hilton
James I
James II
James III
James IV
James Joule
James Joyce
James Macdonald
James Maxwell
James Monroe
James Sant
James V
James VI
James Watt
James Whistler
James Wolfe
Jan Sibelius
Jan Smuts
Jan Steen
Jan Vermeer
Jane Austen
Jane Barlow
Jane Shore
Jat
Javanese
Jawaharial Nehru
Jean Alibert
Jean Anouilh
Jean Baptiste Lully
Jean Champollion
Jean Chardin
Jean Cocteau
Jean Corot
Jean Darlan
Jean Delambre
Jean Delavigne
Jean Falguiere
Jean Foucault
Jean Fouquet
Jean Fragonard
Jean Froissart
Jean Giraudoux
Jean Ingres
Jean La Fontaine
Jean Lamarck
Jean Marat
Jean Millet
Jean Nicot
Jean Racine
Jean Rousseau
Jean-Antoine Houdon
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Philippe Rameau
Jeanne D'Albret
Jefferson Davis
Jeppe Aakjaer
Jeremy Taylor
Jerome Adolphe Blanqui
Jew
Jewish
Jews
Jivaro
Johan Jongkind
Johann Albrechtsberger
Johann Bach
Johann Comenius
Johann Fichte
Johann Goethe
Johann Kepler
Johann Strauss
Johann Uhland
Johann Von Schiller
John Acton
John Barbour
John Biddle
John Bunyan
John Cabot
John Calvin
John Churchill
John Clare
John Clifford
John Cobb
John Conington
John Conolly
John Constable
John Cotman
John Cozens
John Crome
John Dalton
John Davis
John Delane
John Dennis
John Donne
John Dowland
John Dryden
John Duns Scotus
John Ericsson
John Evelyn
John Fell
John Field
John Flamsteed
John Flaxman
John Fletcher
John Ford
Jack Sheppard was an English criminal. He was born in 1702 and hanged in 1724 at Tyburn. He was a workhouse child who abandoned his apprenticeship and took up robbery. He escaped from prison many times, most notably escaping from the condemned cell in Newgate in 1724.
Jacob Jordaens was a Dutch artist. He was born in 1593 at Antwerp and died in 1678.
Jacob van Ruisdael was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1628 in Haarlem and died in 1682.
The Jacobites were people who wanted the return of the Stuart monarchy after the expulsion of James II by William III.
see "Tintoretto"
Jacques-Yves Cousteau is a French underwater explorer. He was born in 1910. He has pioneered aqualung diving and made numerous television documentaries.
Jacques Louis David was a French historical painter. He was born in 1748 and died in 1825.
Jacques Offenbach was a German composer. He was born in 1819, dying in 1880. He wrote the opera tales of hoffmann.
Jacques Thibaud was a French violinist. He was born in 1880, dying in an air crash in 1953.
Jakob Ludwig Karl Grimm was a German philologist. He was born in 1785 and died in 1863. Wilhelm Karl Grimm was a German philologist. He was born in 1786 and died in 1859. Together with his brother Jakob they wrote a book of fairy tales.
James Boswell was a British biographer. He was born in 1740 and died in 1795. He wrote "The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.".
James Bowdoin was an American statesman. He was born in 1727 at Boston and died in 1790. In 1785 he was appointed governor of Massachusetts.
James Brindley was an English engineer. He was born in 1716 and died in 1772. He built the Bridgewater Canal in 1758 and the Grand Trunk Canal.
James Clark Ross was an English admiral and Antarctic explorer. He was born in 1800, dying in 1862.
James Connolly was an Irish Socialist. He was born in 1870 and died in 1916. With James Larkin he directed the great Dublin strike in 1913 which resulted in the formation of the Citizen Army. Connolly joined Sinn Fein and was Commander-in-Chief in the Easter rising of 1916, where upon he was executed by the British.
James Corbett (Gentleman Jim) was an American boxer. He was born in 1866 and died in 1933. He won the Heavyweight Championship of the World in 1892 beating John Sullivan.
James Destri played keyboards with the 70's punk rock band Blondie.
James Fenimore Cooper was an American novelist. He was born in 1789, dying in 1851. He wrote the last of the Mohicans and the Deerslayer.
James Frederick Ferrier was a Scottish philosopher. He was born in 1808 in Edinburgh and died in 1864.
James Elroy Flecker was an English poet. He was born in 1884 at London and died in 1915.
James Gillray was an English artist and caricaturist. He was born in 1757 and died in 1815.
James Hilton was an English writer. He was born in 1900. He wrote goodbye Mr Chips.
James I was King of Scotland from 1424 to 1437. James I was King of England from 1603 to 1625.
James II was King of Scotland from 1437 to 1460. James II was King of England from 1685 to 1688.
James III was King of Scotland from 1460 to 1488.
James IV was King of Scotland from 1488 to 1513.
James Prescott Joule was an English scientist. He was born in 1818 at Salford and died in 1889. He studied the relationship between heat and mechanical work.
James Joyce was an Irish writer. He was born in 1882 at Dublin and died in 1941. He wrote Ulysses and Finnegan's Wake.
James Ramsay Macdonald was a British politician. He was born in 1866 at Lossiemouth and died in 1937. In 1911 he became leader of the Labour party.
James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish mathematician. He was born in 1831 at Edinburgh and died in 1879. He created an electro-magnetic theory of light.
James Monroe was the 5th president of the USA. He was born in Virginia in 1758 and died in 1831.
James Sant was an English portrait painter. He was born in 1820 and died in 1916. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1870 but resigned in 1914.
James V was King of Scotland from 1513 to 1542.
James VI was King of Scotland from 1567 to 1625.
James Watt was a Scottish inventor. He was born in 1736 at Greenock and died in 1819. He invented the modern steam-engine.
James Abbott McNeill Whistler was an American artist. He was born in 1834 at Lowell and died in 1903.
James Wolfe was an English soldier. He was born in 1727 at Westerham and died in 1759 at the battle of Abraham which his forces none-the-less won and thus secured Canada for the British from the French.
Jan Sibelius was a Finnish composer. He was born in 1865 at Tavastehus and died in 1958.
Jan Christiaan Smuts was a South African statesman. H was born in 1870 and died in 1950. He was South African Prime Minister from 1919 until 1924.
Jan Havicksz Steen was a Dutch artist. He was born in 1626 the son of a Leyden brewer and died in 1679. He is renowned for his renderings of tavern scenes and working class festivals.
Jan Vermeer was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1632 at Delft and died in 1675.
Jane Austen was an English author. She was born in Hampshire in 1775. She died in 1817.
Jane Barlow was an Irish novelist. She was born in 1860 and died in 1917. Her works are renowned for their depiction of the Irish peasantry.
Jane Shore was a mistress of Edward IV. She left her husband, William Shore a goldsmith by trade, for the English court in 1470. She was popular at court and amongst the people and gained considerable influence over the King and, after his death, the Marquess of Dorset and William Hastings. The Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III) had her accused of sorcery and publicly punished. She died in poverty in 1527.
The Jat are an ethnic group living in Pakistan and north India, and numbering about 11 million; they are the largest group in north India. The Jat are predominantly farmers. They speak Punjabi, a language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family. They are thought to be related to the Romany people.
The Javanese are the largest ethnic group in the Republic of Indonesia. There are more than 50 million speakers of Javanese, which belongs to the western branch of the Austronesian family. Although the Javanese have a Hindu-Buddhist heritage, they are today predominantly Muslim, practising a branch of Islam known as Islam Jawa, which contains many Sufi features
In pre-independence Indonesia, Javanese society was divided into hierarchical classes ruled by sultans, and differences in status were reflected by strict codes of dress. Arts and crafts flourished at the court. Although the majority of Javanese depend on the cultivation of rice in irrigated fields, there are many large urban centres with developing industries.
Jawaharial Nehru was an Indian politician. He was born in 1889 and died in 1964. He dedicated himself to liberating India from British rule and then addressing the problem of poverty in India.
Jean Louis Baron Alibert was a French physician. He was born in 1766 and died in 1837. He was chief physician at the Hospital St. Louis.
Jean Anouilh was a French dramatist. He was born in 1910 and died in 1987.
Jean Baptiste Lully was a French composer. He was born in 1632 at Florence and died in 1687.
Jean Francis Champollion was a French scholar. He was born in 1790 and died in 1832. He deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphic writing from studying the Rosetta Stone.
Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin was a French painter. He was born in 1699 and died in 1779. He painted still lives and interior scenes.
Jean Cocteau was a French actor, poet, film director and play write. He wrote the book Les Enfants Terribles. He was born in 1891 and died in 1963.
Jean Baptiste Corot was a French landscape painter. He was born in 1796, dying in 1875.
Jean Darlan was a French admiral. He was c-in-c of the French navy from 1939 until 1940. He took part in the evacuation of Dunkirk. He later became pro-German and was assassinated by a fellow Frenchman in 1942.
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre was a French astronomer. He was born in 1749 in Amiens and died in 1822.
Jean Francois Casimir Delavigne was a French poet and dramatist. He was born in 1793 at Havre and died in 1843.
Jean Alexandre Joseph Falguiere was a French sculptor and painter. He was born in 1831 at Toulouse and died in 1900.
Jean Bernard Leon Foucault was a French physicist. He was born in 1819, dying in 1868. He invented a pendulum to demonstrate the rotation of the earth by the rotation of its plane of oscillation.
Jean Fouquet was a French painter. He was born in 1420 at Tours and died in 1482. He was court painter to Charles VIII from 1475.
Jean Honore Fragonard was a French painter. He was born in 1732 and died in 1806.
Jean Froissart was a French chronicler. He was born in 1333 at Valenciennes and died in 1405.
Jean Giraudoux was a French poet, novelist and playwright. He was born in 1882 and died in 1944.
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres was a French painter. He was born in 1780 at Montauban and died in 1867. He drew fine pencil portraits.
Jean de La Fontaine was a French poet. He was born in 1621 and died in 1695. He wrote a number of popular fables.
Jean Baptiste Lamarck was a French naturalist. He was born in 1744 at Picardy and died in 1829. He catalogued invertebrates.
Jean Paul Marat was a French revolutionary and scientist. He was born in 1743 at Boudry and died in 1793 when he was murdered in his bath by Charlotte Corday.
Jean Francois Millet was a French painter. He was born in 1814 near Greville and died in 1875.
Jean Nicot was French ambassador at the Portuguese court. He was born in 1530 and died in 1600. He was presented, in Portugal with some tobacco plant seeds. He introduced tobacco into France in 1560. The botanical name Nicotiana is derived from his name.
Jean Racine was a French dramatist and poet. He was born in 1639 at La Ferte-Milon and died in 1699.
Jean Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher and writer. He was the pioneer of the Romantic Movement. He was born in 1712 and died in 1778. Henri Rousseau was a French painter. He was born in 1844 and died in 1910.
Jean-Antoine Houdon was a French sculptor. He was born in 1741 at Versailles and died in 1828.
Jean-Paul Sartre is a French philosopher, playwright and novelist. He was born in 1905.
Jean-Philippe Rameau was a French composer. He was born in 1683 and died in 1764.
Jeanne D'Albret was Queen of Navarre and wife of Antoine de Bourbon. She was born in 1528 and died due to poisoning in 1572.
Jefferson Davis was President of the Confederate States of America. He was born in 1808 at Kentucky and died in 1889. In 1857 he assumed the leadership of the South Democrats. He was elected President in 1860 and organised an Army and Navy against the Union. In May 1865 he was captured by Union forces and imprisoned. Two years later he was released on bail and went to Canada. He was included in the 1868 amnesty and settled on his estate in Mississippi and wrote the book "The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government" which was published in 1881.
Aaklaer Jeppe was a Danish poet and novelist. He was born in 1866 at Aakjaer and died in 1930.
He was a leading exponent of Danish regional literature best known for his poems, especially those collected in 'Free Fields' published in 1905 and 'Songs of the Rye' published in 1906. His early novels dealt with the harsh conditions endured by farm laborers.
Jeremy Taylor was a British theological writer. He was born in 1613 and died in 1667. He wrote "Holy Living'; `Holy Dying".
Jerome Adolphe Blanqui was a French economist. He was born in 1798 at Nice and died in 1854 in Paris. He was introduced to economics while studying medicine at Paris. He favoured a free-trade policy and wrote a number of works including "Precis Elementaire d'Economie Politique".
The Jews are a Semitic race of people also known as the Hebrews and Israelites. Their early history is identified with Palestine, now Israel. The Jewish history is recorded in the Old Testament.
see "Jew"
see "Jew"
The Jivaro are a tribe of east Ecuador and north Peru.
Johan Barthold Jongkind was a Dutch artist. He was born in 1819 at Latrop and died in 1891.
Johann Georg Albrechtsberger was a German composer. He was born in 1736 and died in 1809. he taught Beethoven and Moscheles amongst others.
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer. He was born at Eisenach in 1685. He died in 1750.
Johann Amos Comenius was a Czech educational reformer. He was born in 1592 at Moravia and died in 1671. He advised throughout Europe on the teaching of languages, suggesting that they should be taught by conversation and that pictures helped.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte was a German philosopher. He was born in 1762 at Rommenau and died in 1814. He was educated at Jena University and in 1794 became professor of philosophy at Jena.
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe was a German poet. He was born in 1749 and died in 1832.
Johann Kepler was a German astronomer. He was born in 1571 near Stuttgart and died in 1630. He studied the motion of planets and proved that planets move in an elliptical path with the sun at one focus.
Johann Strauss was a 19th century Austrian composer.
Johann Ludwig Uhland was a German poet and ballad writer, born 1787, died 1862.
Johann Christoph Friedrich Von Schiller was a German dramatist and poet. He was born in 1759 in Wurttemberg and died in 1805.
John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton was a British historian. He was born at Naples in 1834 and died in 1902.
John Barbour was the father of Scottish poetry. He was born in 1316 and died in 1395.
John Biddle was an English Unitarian. He was born in 1615, dying in prison in 1662. He was imprisoned for his controversial writings.
John Bunyan was a British prose writer. He was born in 1628 and died in 1688. He wrote "The Pilgrim's Progress".
John Cabot was an Italian navigator. He was born in Genoa in 1450 and died in 1498. He discovered Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.
John Calvin was a Swiss religious reformer. He was born in 1509 and died in 1564. He was influenced by Martin Luther.
see "Duke of Marlborough"
John Clare was an English poet known as the "Northamptonshire Ploughboy Poet". He was born in 1793 in a gypsy camp and died in 1864. He started writing poetry in 1818, his first volume being issued in 1820. He reportedly went insane, and died in Northants County Asylum.
John Clifford was an English Baptist minister. He was born in 1836 at Sawley and was educated for the ministry in Nottingham. He is famous for his opposition to the Education Act of 1902 and his advocacy of passive resistance in nonpayment of school rates by the Nonconformists. He died in 1923.
John Rhodes Cobb was a British racing motorist. He established the world record of 394.2 mph at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah in September 1947.
John Conington was an English classical scholar. He was born in 1825 and died in 1869. He was professor of Latin at Oxford from 1854 until 1869, and published translations of the Aeneid in octosyllabic verse, part of the Iliad in the Spenserian stanza, and the Odes, Satires, and Epistles of Horace.
John Conolly was an English physician. He was born in 1794 in Lincolnshire and died in 1866. He introduced a new form of treatment for the mentally ill, whereby mechanical restraints were no longer used.
John Constable was an English landscape painter. He was born in 1776 at Suffolk and died in 1837.
John Sell Cotman was an English painter and etcher. He was born in 1782 in Norwich and died in 1842. He is renowned for his water colour and oil landscapes and his etchings of architectural objects.
John Robert Cozens was an English water-colour artist. He was born in 1751 and died in 1799. He produced a number of unconventional impressionist landscapes.
John Crome was an English landscape painter. He was born in 1599 at Norwich and died in 1821.
John Dalton was an English scientist. He was born in 1766, dying in 1844. He is famous for discovering atomic theory.
John Davis was an English navigator. He was born in 1550 and died in 1605. He searched for a north-west passage, and discovered the Falkland Islands in 1592. He was killed by Pirates near Singapore in 1605.
John Thaddeus Delane was editor of the Times newspaper. He was born in 1817 and died in 1879. He became editor in 1841 and remained until 1877. During his editorship the newspaper gained in influence and circulation.
John Dennis was an English critic. He was born in 1657 and died in 1734. He was best known for his quarrels with Alexander Pope. He wrote a stage tragedy for which he devised a form of stage thunder which was later used in a production of Macbeth, in response to which Dennis complained that they had stolen his thunder. Hence the origin of the term to steal one's thunder.
John Donne was an English poet. He was born in 1573 at London and died in 1631.
John Dowland was an English lutanist and song writer. He was born in 1563 and died in 1626.
John Dryden was a British poet. He was born in 1631 and died in 1700.
John Duns Scotus was a Scottish philosopher. He was born in 1265 at Roxburghshire and died in 1308.
John Ericsson was a Swedish-American engineer. He was born in 1803 and died in 1889. In 1836 he invented the screw-propeller.
John Evelyn was an English diarist and friend of Pepys. He was born in 1620 and died in 1706.
John Fell was an English Bishop. He was born in 1625 and died in 1686. He fought with the King during the Civil War.
John Field was an Irish composer. He was born in 1782 at Dublin and died in 1837. He gave his first public piano recital when he was nine.
John Flamsteed was an English astronomer. He was born in 1646 and died in 1719. He is remembered for cataloguing the stars.
John Flaxman was an English draughtsman, designer and sculptor. He was born in 1755 at York, and died in 1826. From 1775 he worked for 12 years as a designer to the pottery firm of Wedgwood.
John Fletcher was a British dramatist. He was born in 1579 and died in 1625. With Francis Beaumont he wrote "The Maid's Tragedy".
John Ford was a British dramatist. He was born in 1586 and died in 1640. He wrote "The Broken Heart".