Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from holmes.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr1/ota/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr1/ota/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Mon, 17 Apr 89 05:16:43 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Mon, 17 Apr 89 05:16:36 -0400 (EDT) Subject: SPACE Digest V9 #374 SPACE Digest Volume 9 : Issue 374 Today's Topics: Heat sinks in space Re: Soviet shutdown of manned space program Re: U.S. vs Soviets (was Re: Alien contact) Re: Soviet shutdown of manned space program Re: Soviet shutdown of manned space program Re: long ago and far away Re: Soviets will suspend manned space program Re: Ariane Re: Soviet shutdown of manned space program Re: UK astronaut to be launched by Soviets ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 14 Apr 89 14:26:51 EDT From: John Roberts Formerly: National Bureau of Standards Sub-Organization: National Computer and Telecommunications Laboratory Disclaimer: Opinions expressed are those of the sender and do not reflect NIST policy or agreement. Subject: Heat sinks in space >From: pacbell!pbhya!whh@ames.arc.nasa.gov (Wilson Heydt) >In article <1989Apr8.212905.131@utzoo.uucp>, henry@utzoo.uucp (Henry Spencer) writes: >> In article <10346@nsc.nsc.com> andrew@nsc.nsc.com (andrew) writes: >> >... The existence of a heatsink at 3 degK should be a great help for >> >the engine design... >> >> Not as much as you think. Getting the heat out to that heatsink is >> *not* a trivial problem. The shuttle uses the entire inner surface of >> its payload-bay doors as a heat radiator. >As I recall--and I'm sure I'll get some fairly hot replies if I'm wrong-- >that the rate of radiation of energy varies as the 4th power of the >absolute temperature. Since the Shuttle is working a rather low temperatures, >it's no surprise that it needs a large surface. Remember that the shuttle bay is normally pointed at the Earth. Thus it does not usually take advantage of the 3K heat sink available. Also remember that concentrating the waste heat to increase the rate of radiation requires further energy expenditure and consequent heating, which must be taken into account. >From the CRC handbook: Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation. - The energy radiated in unit time by a black body is given by E = K * (T^4 - T0^4), where T is the absolute temperature of the body, T0 the absolute temperature of the surroundings, and K a constant. John Roberts roberts@cmr.icst.nbs.gov ------------------------------ Date: 14 Apr 89 14:22:18 GMT From: prism!ccoprmd@gatech.edu (Matthew DeLuca) Subject: Re: Soviet shutdown of manned space program In article <631@ftp.COM> jbvb@ftp.COM (James Van Bokkelen) writes: > >They may also be re-thinking many engineering issues in light of cold fusion. I'm not so sure of this. Considering that nobody (including the crowd here at Georgia Tech (their neutron counter was faulty...they're rerunning the experiment)) has 100% conclusively demonstrated nuclear fusion with breakeven potential. We still don't really have a solid theory, unless you count the (still secret, patent pending) MIT claim. Are the Soviets going to cut back their current program just to pursue something that *may* pan out sometime in the next 15 to 20 years? I don't think so. If there really is an across the board cutback in the Soviet program, I still think the reason is economic. -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Matthew DeLuca : Georgia Institute of Technology : Certainty is the lot of those who ARPA: ccoprmd@hydra.gatech.edu : do not question. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Date: 14 Apr 89 17:22:12 GMT From: thorin!zeta!leech@mcnc.org (Jonathan Leech) Subject: Re: U.S. vs Soviets (was Re: Alien contact) In , Henry Spencer writes: >Turn it around: what wondrous capabilities is Freedom expected to have >that Mir doesn't? Yes, it will be bigger... but Skylab was bigger yet >(yes, last I heard Freedom's internal volume will be less than that of >Skylab), and Novy Mir will probably take the record, given the size of >launch vehicle its designers have available. It seems to me that a better indicator of capability is not volume, but surface area. Skylab's huge internal spaces weren't very productive - the hardware has to be attached somewhere. (Great for recreation, though :-) Cutting radius of a cylinder in half decreases volume by x4, but area by only x2. This seems like a good deal, as long as there's enough room to work and move about in. It also makes modules easier to launch. -- Jon Leech (leech@cs.unc.edu) __@/ ``The tuba recital is one of the most memorable experiences of music school.'' - Seen on a bulletin board in the UNC Music School ------------------------------ Date: 14 Apr 89 16:49:06 GMT From: att!mtuxo!tee@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU (54317-T.EBERSOLE) Subject: Re: Soviet shutdown of manned space program In article <1989Apr14.045720.15637@utzoo.uucp>, henry@utzoo.uucp (Henry Spencer) writes: > In article K_MACART@UNHH.BITNET writes: > > I just heard that the CCCP is not putting up manned missions for a while > >(anyone heard how long?). Maybe all the discussion of how much the ... > ... To make anything deep and significant > out of this, you basically need to assume that the Soviet space program > is run in the same chuckleheaded what-shall-we-do-in-space-today fashion > as the US space program (and indeed, most programs of any kind that are > funded on a year-to-year basis by democratic governments). ... Just to be really tangential, maybe "Glasnost, Perestroika, Democracia" is leading them to the same kind of space program the US has. At a recent Planetary Society seminar at Princeton (I want to publicly thank Eric Tilenius for setting this up) James Burke, who is the technical editor for The Planetary Report and works at JPL, mentioned that the Soviet Space folk are now having trouble getting multi-craft missions approved. Where they used to send zillions of less-expensive probes, expecting to learn from the failures of the first few, such as the Venera probes, they now build just a few very expensive probes. They have still been getting approval to send more than one probe on a mission (e.g., Phobos), but it is much harder to get this approval now. (The US stopped this with the Surveyors, I think.) The unmanned vs. manned debates are just as strong there as here (e.g., "unmanned" proponents criticism, at the Soviet Academy of Sciences, of the Buran shuttle program as expensive and capable of little science). Now there is speculation of cutbacks in their manned-space program. Sound like familiar chuckleheadedness? Maybe we should write to Gorbachev suggesting the USSR doesn't have to follow the US model in everything. Speaking of writing to political people, Rep. George R. Brown, Jr. of CA was also at the seminar. He said at the end he was charged up by the sessions and would go back to Washington with renewed vigor for the upcoming budget fights. One problem is the lack of specific public support. Polls indicate that 78% of the American public want a space program, but there are virtually no pro-space lobbyists in Washington, and very little mail from constituents. It's very easy for pro-space Congressmen to get worn down by other groups. Harlan Smith was also at the session, and mentioned just being in Washington talking to Congressmen about various science and space issues. Many of them said he was the only scientist who they had ever talked to about policy matters, and often he was followed by a group of, for example, 50 farmers from Arkansas demanding some specific action. Harrison Scmidt was also at Princeton, and mentioned the same apparent lack of specific support for various space-related issues when he was a Senator. My point being, write letters to your congressmen; not rambling, incoherent diatribes against the system, but clear, concise expressions of your support for various specific space-related activities, policies, bills, ... Or even against, if you feel that would best support our path to space. Talk to your friends about it, teach kidlings about the benefits of space, organize and support lobbying efforts which support your positions. A lot of words pass over the net. Take some of the time you spend on net activities to try to keep your congressmen informed about space. Support those actively trying to boost the space program, and maybe the upcoming NASA budget fights will not be devastating as is now likely. -- Tim Ebersole ...!att!mtuxo!tee or {allegra,ulysses,mtune,...}!mtuxo!tee ------------------------------ Date: 14 Apr 89 16:50:59 GMT From: ncrlnk!ncrcce!johnson@uunet.uu.net (Wayne D. T. Johnson) Subject: Re: Soviet shutdown of manned space program In article , K_MACART@UNHH.BITNET writes: > > I just heard that the CCCP is not putting up manned missions for a while > (anyone heard how long?). > My theory is that they are conserving resources for upcoming grandiose > missions... [possible Soviet plans here] My pet theory is that they are slacking off a bit to let the US catch up. It is hard to push an aggressive and expensive space program when people have to wait in line to buy meat and bread, and even harder when the nearest compitition is fairly far back (at least in the eyes of the public). If you stop to look at it, the USSR has excelled in the production of lift vehicals, but are not as far advanced in other areas such as remote control of these vehicales. The US has been working in less flashy areas. Both countries are now is a re-grouping phase, getting there tecnology and politics in line for further exploration. -- Wayne Johnson (Voice) 612-638-7665 NCR Comten, Inc. (E-MAIL) W.Johnson@StPaul.NCR.COM or Roseville MN 55113 johnson@c10sd1.StPaul.NCR.COM These opinions (or spelling) do not necessarily reflect those of NCR Comten. ------------------------------ Date: 14 Apr 89 21:16:19 GMT From: uflorida!mailrus!jarvis.csri.toronto.edu!utgpu!utzoo!henry@g.ms.uky.edu (Henry Spencer) Subject: Re: long ago and far away In article <6331@homxc.ATT.COM> brt@homxc.ATT.COM (B.REYTBLAT) writes: >On april 12, 1981, STS-1 lifted off from pad 39-(A or B, Henry?). Pad 39A. Mission 51L was the first to use 39B. (There was considerable speculation about whether this might have been a factor in the disaster, but that appears to be have fairly conclusively disproven.) -- Welcome to Mars! Your | Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology passport and visa, comrade? | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry henry@zoo.toronto.edu ------------------------------ Date: 14 Apr 89 16:36:30 GMT From: netsys!lamc!well!tneff@rutgers.edu (Tom Neff) Subject: Re: Soviets will suspend manned space program If any reminder were needed that the space race is "over" or at least unrecognizable, consider how it felt to hear about these recent Soviet setbacks with FOBOS and MIR. "Say it ain't so!" was the emotion that hit me each time, and I don't think I'm alone. Especially with the stagnation of our own program, we need every space success we can get, be it Soviet, European or whatever. -- Tom Neff tneff@well.UUCP or tneff@dasys1.UUCP ------------------------------ Date: 15 Apr 89 01:06:19 GMT From: cfa!cfa250!mcdowell@husc6.harvard.edu (Jonathan McDowell) Subject: Re: Ariane From article <8904141757.AA03101@aristotle.Jpl.Nasa.Gov>, by pjs@ARISTOTLE-GW.JPL.NASA.GOV (Peter Scott): > Anyone know where the Ariane rockets are manufactured, and how they get them > to Kourou? Mostly in Toulouse (France) I think; the solids are made in Italy. Some of the stages are flown in by special cargo Airbus, but the first stage at least goes by ocean barge, I believe. Maybe someone can confirm this. Jonathan McDowell. ------------------------------ Date: 14 Apr 89 17:03:05 GMT From: thorin!zeta!leech@mcnc.org (Jonathan Leech) Subject: Re: Soviet shutdown of manned space program In article <1989Apr14.045720.15637@utzoo.uucp> henry@utzoo.uucp (Henry Spencer) writes: >To make anything deep and significant >out of this, you basically need to assume that the Soviet space program >is run in the same chuckleheaded what-shall-we-do-in-space-today fashion >as the US space program (and indeed, most programs of any kind that are >funded on a year-to-year basis by democratic governments). That's what >it takes to justify an abrupt shutdown of a major ongoing program. This explains the remarkable success of Soviet 5-year plans in agriculture and the like, I suppose. The Soviet space program is about the *only* large-scale activity they do well, and it's at large (hidden) cost to their economy. I see no reason to assume they will continue to be as vigorous in space as has been the case over the last 15 years. They might, but Soviet planners don't seem to be any more competent than ours (at best). Followups to talk.politics.soviet, please. -- Jon Leech (leech@cs.unc.edu) __@/ ``There ain't hardly nothin' cuter nor a sleepin' baby tad lessen it's a pork chop'' - Churchy La Femme ------------------------------ Date: 14 Apr 89 19:42:07 GMT From: sei!firth@PT.CS.CMU.EDU (Robert Firth) Subject: Re: UK astronaut to be launched by Soviets In article <135@ixi.UUCP> clive@ixi.UUCP (Clive) writes: >According to BBC Ceefax news this morning (Thursday), the UK's first >astronaut will be launched by the Soviets in 1991. In article <1019@esatst.yc.estec.nl> neil@esatst.UUCP (Neil Dixon) writes: >1991, Thatcher's next election year. A cheap publicity stunt is >obviously more important than any participation in Europe's own >(albeit flawed) manned space program. First, the venture has nothing to do with Mrs Thatcher, since it is entirely privately financed. The British government's depressing lack of interest in space is at least consistent, and a tribute to their predecessors who wanted to retrocede Canada to the French because it was of no economic benefit. Secondly, Britain doesn't have "election years". The Prime Minister can request a dissolution of Parliament at any time, and this is customarily followed by a General Election. Finally, what's this 'Europe' stuff? There is only one working space program in Europe; it's been working since 1957, and it is run from Moscow. The only way the EC bureaucrats will get men into space is by building a 300km-high butter mountain under them. ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V9 #374 *******************