Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from beak.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Fri, 28 Dec 1990 02:27:20 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Fri, 28 Dec 1990 02:26:53 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V12 #683 SPACE Digest Volume 12 : Issue 683 Today's Topics: Re: A human being in vacuum Re: Galileo Update - 12/12/90 Re: atmospheric pressure on Mars Re: space news from Nov 12 AW&ST Re: space news from Nov 5 AW&ST JPL Report on Galileo Earth Flyby (Forwarded) Image processing (hello JPL!) Interstellar travel Galileo Update #3 - 12/07/90 Re: SPACE Digest V12 #649 NASA Headline News for 12/13/90 (Forwarded) Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription notices, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 12 Dec 90 23:38:47 GMT From: sun-barr!cs.utexas.edu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!helios.physics.utoronto.ca!physics.utoronto.ca!neufeld@apple.com (Christopher Neufeld) Subject: Re: A human being in vacuum In article <1990Dec12.205552.10405@unicorn.cc.wwu.edu> n9020351@unicorn.cc.wwu.edu (james d. Del Vecchio) writes: >Followups To: sci.space > >Someone posted that vacuum was an isulator. > > dsr@mir.mitre.org (Douglas S. Rand) writes: > >>Radiational cooling is pretty effective, especially when >>the surrounding black body temperature is 3 or 4 degrees K. If the >>person in the vacuum is in shadow they could probably freeze in just >>a few minutes. If they're in direct sunlight then they might boil on >>one side and freeze on the other (lots of fun). > -------- >I don't have a clear idea of how that would work. If the heat in your >body isn't going _into_ something (like air), then where is it going? > A black body radiates power at a rate of eps * sigma * T^4 where epsilon is the emissivity, sigma is a constant, 5.67E-8 W/(K^4 m^2), and T is the temperature in degrees kelvin. For a body temperature of 37 degrees celcius, and an emissivity of 1, a body would radiate about 500 watts per square metre of surface. A human body at rest at room temperature generates about 100 watts of heat. The energy isn't being lost by conduction, but by infrared energy radiation. A person in vacuum isn't going to worry about that radiation loss at first. Water evaporation heat losses would be high. I'd be curious to know what is the rate of heat loss which a human body experiences in 15 degree water or zero degree air, both of which are surviveable with no special equipment, if not particularly comfortable. -- Christopher Neufeld....Just a graduate student | neufeld@helios.physics.utoronto.ca Ad astra! | S = k log W cneufeld@{pnet91,pro-micol}.cts.com | Boltzmann's epitaph "Don't edit reality for the sake of simplicity" | ------------------------------ Date: 13 Dec 90 02:11:55 GMT From: usc!cs.utexas.edu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!riverdale.toronto.edu!gabriele@ucsd.edu (Mark Gabriele ) Subject: Re: Galileo Update - 12/12/90 baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke) writes: > GALILEO STATUS REPORT > December 12, 1990 > > The Galileo spacecraft completed sending back the images for the Earth >spin movie were earlier today. All but 22 (10 contiguous in one segment, >12 contiguous in another) of the 1500 images were successfully retrieved. >This loss was expected due to DSS (Deep Space Station) view period >constraints... This implies that the data are permanently lost. Can't the mission controllers just rewind the tape (or whatever Galileo uses) and play back the data that DSN didn't get? =Mark (gabriele@hub.toronto.edu) ------------------------------ Date: 13 Dec 90 04:41:44 GMT From: att!linac!pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!wuarchive!cs.utexas.edu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!utzoo!henry@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU (Henry Spencer) Subject: Re: atmospheric pressure on Mars In article <1990Dec12.230712.13888@nmt.edu> dmbio331@nmt.edu (Prof Arrrrrgh!) writes: >I'm not sure about the actual values for the atmospheric pressure >(the consensus seems to be about 7mbar), but even if it did take >minutes for your body to BANG, you would get the bends real quick >(and that's not the car, mind you). And before the bends >killed you, you'd probably die of nitrogen poisoning your brain. >Also, your blood vessels would balloon, your eyeballs would explode >(the fluid in there is under pressure in a sense), the airsacks in your >lungs would explode. Basically, if you're out there for more than a few >seconds, you're toast even before you explode (bring your butter). The Summary line on your message said "Study biology". Studying space medicine would be more appropriate, and would give better results. The experiment has been tried on animals. None of these dire things happen, except possibly for mild cases of the bends, on the time scale mentioned. It takes minutes, not seconds, before you're in serious trouble. This is experimental fact, not theoretical pontification. -- "The average pointer, statistically, |Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology points somewhere in X." -Hugh Redelmeier| henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: 12 Dec 90 20:38:55 GMT From: panews.awdpa.ibm.com!slo.awdpa.ibm.com!jsalter@uunet.uu.net Subject: Re: space news from Nov 12 AW&ST In article <1990Dec12.044442.2101@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes: >Aerospatiale study confirms that Hermes would be feasible as a space-station >lifeboat. ESA is building two for its own use, and the station would need >two more for lifeboat use at a total cost of about $800M. They would go up >on Ariane 5s and would share Hermes infrastructure for operations. The >payload area would be fitted with six rear-facing seats in addition to >the two for the pilots. The major design change needed would be better >protection against micrometeorites and space debris for the long stay >in orbit. Would it be possible to work something like LLNL's kevlar coccoon around the "spaceboat" while it's up that would rip off, or could be blown away, when the spaceboat is used? This would eliminate need to redesign Hermes and would still provide the protection needed with little additional weight. In fact, Hermes could bring the "space-shroud" up with it. >"The average pointer, statistically, |Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology >points somewhere in X." -Hugh Redelmeier| henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry jim/jsalter IBM AWD, Palo Alto T465/(415)855-4427 VNET: JSALTER at AUSVMQ Internet: jsalter@slo.awdpa.ibm.com UUCP: ..!uunet!ibmsupt!jsalter PS/2 it, or DIE! :-) The ramblings above have nothing to do with Big Blue. ------------------------------ Date: 13 Dec 90 04:26:31 GMT From: zephyr.ens.tek.com!tektronix!sequent!crg5!szabo@uunet.uu.net (Nick Szabo) Subject: Re: space news from Nov 5 AW&ST In article mvk@pawl.rpi.edu (Michael V. Kent) writes: > >In article <20699@crg5.UUCP> szabo@crg5.UUCP (Nick Szabo) writes: >>large public and private markets. Unlike the larger aerospace companies, >>they are not afraid to trade short-term profits on government contracts >>for longer-term market potential. > >Do you have a particular gripe in mind, or is this just another pot shot at >the large aerospace firms? > OSC and Hercules are the only U.S. aerospace companies since the Shuttle to development a totally new, successful orbital launcher. They did it for 1/50th (2%) of what it cost to develop the first Shuttle. Unlike the major Shuttle contractors, they have carried a loss on the project (in other words risked their own money) eying future commercial markets. These are encouraging facts not gripes. Sorry I sounded like such a sourpuss over such a happy event. :-) -- Nick Szabo szabo@sequent.com "For historical reasons, this feature is unintelligible" The above opinions are my own and not related to those of any organization I may be affiliated with. ------------------------------ Date: 13 Dec 90 16:15:49 GMT From: snorkelwacker.mit.edu!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@bloom-beacon.mit.edu (Ron Baalke) Subject: JPL Report on Galileo Earth Flyby (Forwarded) JPL REPORT ON GALILEO FLYBY OF EARTH Scientists from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., will participate in a Blue Room Report on the Galileo spacecraft flyby of planet Earth which took place at 3:35 p.m. EST on Dec. 8. The report will originate from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at 1 p.m. EST and will be carried live on NASA Select TV, Satcom F2R, 72 degrees West Longitude, Transponder 13, frequency 3960.0 MHz, audio 6.8 MHz. Media representatives are invited to monitor the report in the NASA Headquarters 6th floor auditorium, 400 Maryland Ave., S.W., Washington, D.C. or from participating NASA field centers. The Earth flyby was successfully undertaken to provide gravitational assist to the Galileo spacecraft increasing its flight velocity on its journey to Jupiter. [Note: There was no date associated with when the report will be aired on NASA Select, but I believe it was meant for today, December 13. Ron Baalke ] ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| | | | | __ \ /| | | | Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ Jet Propulsion Lab | baalke@jems.jpl.nasa.gov /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| M/S 301-355 | |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ Pasadena, CA 91109 | ------------------------------ Date: 12 Dec 90 13:19:12 GMT From: mcsun!ukc!icdoc!cc.ic.ac.uk!zmapj36@uunet.uu.net (M.S.Bennett Supvs= Prof Pendry) Subject: Image processing (hello JPL!) I have a sequence of video images from which I wish to extract a uniform identification number. I was woundering if there where any standard packages I might use?? Thank you in advance. M. Sean Bennett ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 13 Dec 90 09:04:09 PST From: thamilton@ch3.intel.com (Tony Hamilton, WF1-81, x48142) To: "space+@andrew.cmu.edu"@HERMES.intel.com, THAMILTON@ch3.intel.com Subject: Interstellar travel Could anyone tell me what the latest designs are for interstellar starships? I had done some real 'light' reading on the subject, and could glean that the two most feasible designs were the Air Force's Orion starship (was that given up?), and the Bussard(sp?) Ramjet. Most of what I've heard of these two designs varies much, and I would like to know MUCH more about them if possible. Tony Hamilton thamilton@ch3.intel.com ------------------------------ Date: 13 Dec 90 06:38:01 GMT From: mintaka!think.com!sdd.hp.com!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@bloom-beacon.mit.edu (Ron Baalke) Subject: Galileo Update #3 - 12/07/90 GALILEO STATUS REPORT December 7, 1990 As of 9AM (PST), December 7, the Galileo spacecraft is 560,309 miles from Earth as it make its approach for an Earth gravity assist. At 8AM, the VE-11 (Venus-Earth 11) store sequence went active. The EPD (Energetic Particles Dectector) instrument started collecting data from the Earth's magnetotail, magnetosphere, magnetopause, and shock boundaries, and from the solar wind in the close vicinity of the Earth. The PWS (Plasma Wave) instrument investigated the magnetotail using the 1 and 10 kHz wideband modes to observe plasma waves and radio emissions. This included low frequency auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) wave activity associated with trapped and escaping continuum radiation, Langmuir waves, and whistler mode waves. Also investigated by the PWS was the upper hybrid resonance bands and the electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic bands. At 12PM (PST), the MAG (Magnetometer) started taking high rate data (30 vectors/sec) using the snapshot mode. This data will be used for MAG calibrations and to search for high frequency features in the solar wind. In addition, this sampling frequency can be correlated to the low frequency end of the PWS search coil. While in the Earth's magnetosphere, the MAG can be absolutely calibrated with respect to the Earth's known magnetic field. At 7:19 PM, the PPR (Photopolarimeter Radiometer) instrument started observations to map the lunar disk while the instrument is configured to make polarization measurements. Phase measurement were made at approximately every 30 degrees, starting at 150 degrees and stopping at 20 degrees. The NIMS (Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) took dark level calibrations used for Earth 1 lunar observations prior to closest approach. ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| | | | | __ \ /| | | | Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ Jet Propulsion Lab | baalke@jems.jpl.nasa.gov /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| M/S 301-355 | |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ Pasadena, CA 91109 | ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 13 Dec 90 13:22 EST From: "JOHN E. PERRY" Subject: Re: SPACE Digest V12 #649 X-Envelope-To: space+%ANDREW.CMU.EDU@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu Nick Szabo writes: >What is left? What vapor customers can be conjured up now? The long >search for the mythological Space Station Application is over. >Fred is dead. Let the Space Age begin. I don't know about organizations, but I see a space station (not Fred, of course) as a requirement for real space exploration--along with real space- going vehicles and propulsion systems, like a nuclear rocket. I noticed a few years ago a paper that analyzed a number of propulsion systems, and concluded that NERVA as it was when it was abandoned to provide money for the Apollo Boondoggle was a more efficient extra-atmospheric transfer vehicle than any current concept. I think we had the best possible space exploration plan in the fifties before it was trashed to pay for Kennedy's Folly. --John Perry jperry@cebaf2.cebaf.gov ------------------------------ Date: 13 Dec 90 18:11:38 GMT From: trident.arc.nasa.gov!yee@ames.arc.nasa.gov (Peter E. Yee) Subject: NASA Headline News for 12/13/90 (Forwarded) Headline News Internal Communications Branch (P-2) NASA Headquarters Thursday, December 13, 1990 Audio Service: 202 / 755-1788 This is NASA Headline News for Thursday, December 13, 1990 At the Dryden Flight Research Facility, the shuttle turnaround crew is making good progress in preparing Columbia for its return flight aboard the 747 carrier aircraft to Kennedy Space Center. Columbia's beryllium brakes have been removed and are in good condition. The removal of the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope film will not be performed until this evening, at the earliest. Pending good weather, Columbia is scheduled for departure from Edwards early Sunday morning. The 747 will make several refueling stops and one overnight stop in San Antonio on the way back. Anticipated arrival time at KSC is Monday night. Columbia will spend the next month in the Vehicle Assembly Building awaiting Discovery's rollout from the Orbiter Processing Facility. Meanwhile, in OPF Bay 1, Discovery continues to advance towards its rollout at the end of January. Workers installed the fourth oxygen tank for the power reactant storage and distribution system yesterday, and continue with main propulsion system checks. A nose-wheel steering system test is scheduled for today, and a brake anti-skid test is scheduled for tomorrow. Discovery's hydraulic system will be provided with ground system hydraulic power for these tests. Over the weekend, Discovery's main engine hydraulic actuators and valves will also be tested Technicians continue to disassemble Atlantis as part of the postflight sub-assembly testing and maintenance. Atlantis' forward reaction control system was removed yesterday for transfer to the Hypergolic Maintenance Facility. The left orbital maneuvering system pod was removed last weekend, and is in the HMF now for its post-mission testing. Work on the vehicle today includes removal of the main engines. And, in Houston today, the STS-35 crew will hold their postflight press briefing. Commander Vance Brand, and his fellow Astro-1 colleagues, will narrate slides and film from the mission and answer questions from the media. The briefing will be at 2:00 pm EST and will be carried live on NASA Select TV. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Jet Propulsion Laboratory Magellan flight controllers report that the spacecraft is in good health and performing normally. The radar sensor performance has been characterized as excellent, however recent data indicates that tracks 1 and 3 on the A-side data recorder are deteriorating. A technical discussion of the A-side data recorder problem is scheduled for today. A new mapping sequence was uplinked to Magellan two days ago. Beginning tomorrow, through the end of January, Magellan will not be able to complete the full data transmission on each of its orbital passes because Venus will occult the Earth during a portion of the pass. The new mapping sequence was written for this occultation period. Center Point FOCUS ON: Ames Research Center Ames Research Center educational staff and center officials made quite an impact last month in the Pacific region. Activities included hosting students on site and participating in teleconferences and teacher workshops throughout the region. The center hosted a visit from 70 fourth grade students from Ames' "Adopt-A-School " the Ronald E. McNair Intermediate School in East Palo Alto, Calif. Center officials also attended a board meeting with the principal and staff of the McNair Intermediate School to plan the year's activities. And, seven Ames employees participated in the National Reading Day program at McNair The center also conducted two teleconferences with the Lynn Elementary School in Lynn, Utah. Ames staff was also on the road and provided workshops for teachers in Fresno, Los Angeles, Seattle, Long Beach, Palo Alto and Los Altos. They also sent representatives to the Puget Sound Science Teachers meeting. Here's the broadcast schedule for Public Affairs events on NASA Select TV. All times are Eastern. **indicates a live program. Thursday, 12/13/90 11:30 am NASA Update will be transmitted. 12:00 pm And Then There Was Voyager program. 1:00 pm **Galileo at Earth report from Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 1:30 pm Special Program: The 75th Anniversary of NACA/NASA, a repeat of the program which covers the 75th anniversary celebration held recently at the National Air and Space Museum. 2:00 pm STS-35 post mission crew briefing from Johnson Space Center. All events and times may change without notice. This report is filed daily, Monday through Friday, at 12:00 pm, EST. It is a service of Internal Communications Branch at NASA Headquarters. Contact: CREDMOND on NASAmail or at 202/453-8425. NASA Select TV: Satcom F2R, Transponder 13, C-Band, 72 degrees West Longitude, Audio 6.8, Frequency 3960 MHz. ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V12 #683 *******************