Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Tue, 5 Feb 91 02:27:23 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Tue, 5 Feb 91 02:27:19 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #114 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 114 Today's Topics: EOS Instrument Fact Sheet (long) Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 31 Jan 91 21:48:41 GMT From: usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@ucsd.edu (Ron Baalke) Subject: EOS Instrument Fact Sheet (long) EOS INSTRUMENT SELECTION FACT SHEET FACTS National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546 Brian Dunbar Jan. 31, 1991 Headquarters, Washington, D.C. (Phone: 202/453-1547) % EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM INSTRUMENTS % % HOW THEY WILL WORK TOGETHER % % EOS INTERDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATIONS % % WEIGHT AND POWER CONSIDERATIONS % % EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM INSTRUMENTS % The following instrument investigations have been confirmed for flight on the first EOS-A satellite: AIRS/AMSU-A/-B (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding Units). Team Leader: Moustafa T. Chahine, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. AIRS and AMSU-A/-B will measure atmospheric temperature profiles with an accuracy of 1 degree Celsius and will provide data on atmospheric water vapor, cloud cover, and sea- and land-surface temperatures. AMSU-B is a planned contribution from the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites. ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection, formerly known as the ITIR). Team Leader: Hiroji Tsu, Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan. ASTER, to be provided by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, will provide high-resolution images (15 to 90 meters) of the land surface and clouds for climatological, hydrological, biological and geological studies. CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System). Principal Investigator: Bruce R. Barkstrom, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA. CERES will continue long-term measurements of the Earth's radiation budget through observations of both short- and long-wave radiation. CERES is also planned to fly on one of ESA's polar platforms. EOSP (Earth Observing Scanner Polarimeter). Principal Investigator: Larry D. Travis, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY. EOSP will make global observations of polarized light to quantify the role of aerosols and clouds in heating and cooling the Earth, as well as help characterize cloud feedbacks in global change processes. HiRDLS (High-Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder). Principal Investigators: John C. Gille, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, and John J. Barnett, Oxford University, Oxford, England. This will be a joint instrument development with the United Kingdom. HiRDLS will use an infrared radiometer to measure levels of trace gases--such as ozone, water vapor, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrogen compounds--that are contributors to the greenhouse effect. LIS (Lightning Imaging Sensor). Principal Investigator: Hugh Christian, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. LIS will collect data on lightning distribution and variability across the Earth, contributing an understanding of lightning, convective thunderstorms and rainfall. MISR (Multi-Angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer). Principal Investigator: David J. Diner, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. MISR will obtain global observations of the directional characteristics of reflected light, information needed for studying aerosols, clouds and the biological and geological characteristics of the land surface. MODIS-N/-T (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer). Team Leader: Vincent V. Salomonson, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. MODIS consists of two imaging spectrometers, one nadir viewing (MODIS-N) and one with a tilt capability (MODIS-T), for the measurement of biological and physical processes in the study of terrestrial, oceanic and atmospheric phenomena on a scale of 1 square kilometer. STIKSCAT (Stick Scatterometer). Principal Investigator: Michael H. Freilich, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. Scatterometers are microwave radars that measure surface wind speeds and directions over global oceans. The data will be used to study atmosphere-ocean interactions, model upper-ocean circulation and tropospheric dynamics and improve global weather predictions. The following instrument investigations have been conditionally confirmed for flight on the first EOS-A satellite (final confirmation, pending resolution of technical issues, is anticipated by early summer 1991): MIMR (Multifrequency Imaging Microwave Radiometer). Team Leader: TBD. MIMR, to be provided by the European Space Agency, will obtain global observations of a variety of parameters important to the hydrologic cycle: atmospheric water content, rain rate, soil moisture, ice and snow cover, and sea surface temperature. MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere). Principal Investigator: James R. Drummond, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. MOPITT, to be provided by Canada, is planned to obtain global measurements of carbon monoxide and methane in the troposphere; the distribution of carbon monoxide is a key to the atmosphere's capacity to oxidize pollutants, while methane is the most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. The following instrument has been confirmed for flight on a platform of opportunity: ACRIM (Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor). Principal Investigator: Richard C. Willson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. ACRIM will make long-term measurements of the total solar irradiance; this will help determinate the influence of variations in solar output on climate change. The following instrument investigation has been confirmed for development: HIRIS (High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer). Team Leader: Alexander F.H. Goetz, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. HIRIS will use its high- resolution imaging capabilities (30 meters) to study biological and geophysical processes, as well as interactions along borders of different ecosystems. % HOW EOS-A INSTRUMENTS WILL WORK TOGETHER% The primary goal of the EOS-A satellite is to provide a suite of measurements related to potential global warming and other critical aspects of global change. Specific observations include the Earth's radiation balance, atmospheric circulation, air-sea interaction, biological productivity and land-surface properties. Nine of the instruments constitute a minimum set of synergistic instruments to make simultaneous observations of related environmental variables. Simultaneity is essential for scientists studying the Earth as a global, integrated system because it allows for cross-calibration of instruments and avoids the impact that rapid atmospheric and illumination changes can have on measurements. Two examples of the synergistic benefits of flying these instruments as a group are: % Depending on their type, clouds can reflect incoming solar radiation and cool the Earth's surface, or trap heat emitted by the Earth and warm the surface. To better understand the role of clouds in global change, EOS will measure incoming and emitted radiation at the top of the atmosphere (the function of the CERES instrument). Then, to study characteristics of the atmosphere that influence radiation transfer between the top of the atmosphere and the surface, EOS will observe clouds (with MODIS-N), water vapor and cloud water (with MIMR), aerosols (with EOSP and MISR), temperature and humidity (with AIRS/AMSU-A/-B), and directional effects (with MISR). % Through their intake and emission of carbon dioxide, the primary anthropogenic greenhouse gas, terrestrial and marine plants are a key part of the global carbon cycle. To better understand their role as a source or sink for carbon, EOS will observe the biological productivity of lands and oceans (with MODIS-N and MODIS-T respectively). However, to do so accurately, EOS must also estimate atmospheric characteristics as noted above. Additionally, EOS will study surface properties that affect biological productivity at high spatial resolution (with ASTER). For oceanic gas exchange, EOS will estimate surface winds (with STIKSCAT). A 10th instrument (HiRDLS) will extend the monitoring of important stratospheric chemical constituents beyond the planned lifetime of UARS, scheduled for launch in 1991. An 11th (MOPITT) will provide an initial capability to monitor carbon monoxide and methane in the lower atmosphere. % EOS INTERDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATIONS % Coupled Atmosphere/Ocean Processes and Primary Production in the Southern Ocean Principal Investigator: Dr. Mark R. Abbott, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Global Water Cycle: Extension Across the Earth Sciences Principal Investigator: Dr. Eric J. Barron, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. The Development and Use of a Four-Dimensional Atmospheric/Ocean/Land Data Assimilation System for EOS Principal Investigator: Dr. John R. Bates, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. Long-Term Monitoring of the Amazon Ecosystem through the EOS: From Patterns to Processes Principal Investigator: Dr. Getulio T. Batista, Instituto de Pesquisas Espacias (INPE), Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Biogeochemical Fluxes at the Ocean/Atmosphere Interface Principal Investigator: Dr. Peter G. Brewer, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA. Northern Biosphere Observation and Modeling Experiment Principal Investigator: Dr. Josef Cihlar, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. NCAR Project to Interface Modeling on Global and Regional Scales with Earth Observing System Observations Principal Investigator: Dr. Robert E. Dickinson, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO. Hydrology, Hydrochemical Modeling, and Remote Sensing in Seasonally Snow-Covered Alpine Drainage Basins Principal Investigator: Dr. Jeff Dozier, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA. Observational and Modeling Studies of Radiative, Chemical, and Dynamical Interactions in the Earth s Atmosphere Principal Investigator: Dr. William L. Grose, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA. Interannual Variability of the Global Carbon and Energy Cycles Principal Investigator: Dr. James Hansen, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY. Climate Processes over the Ocean Principal Investigator: Dr. Dennis L. Hartmann, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Tectonic/Climatic Dynamics and Crustal Evolution in the Andean Orogen Principal Investigator: Dr. Bryan L. Isacks, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. The Hydrologic Cycle and Climatic Processes in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands Principal Investigator: Dr. Yann H. Kerr, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Reseaches en Teledetection (LERTS), Toulouse, France. Estimation of the Global Water Budget Principal Investigator: Dr. William K. Lau, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. The Processing, Evaluation, and Impact on Numerical Weather Prediction of AIRS, HMMR, MODIS, and LAWS Data in the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere Principal Investigator: Dr. John Francis LeMarshall, Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre,.Melbourne, Australia. Interdisciplinary Studies of the Relationship between Climate, Ocean Circulation, Biological Processes, and Renewable Marine Resources Principal Investigator: Dr. Graham P. Harris, Commonwealth Scientists and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia. The Role of Air-Sea Exchanges and Ocean Circulation in Climate Variability Principal Investigator: Dr. W. Timothy Liu, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. Changes in Biogeochemical Cycles Principal Investigator: Dr. Berrien Moore III, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH. A Global Assessment of Active Volcanism, Volcanic Hazards, and Volcanic Inputs to the Atmosphere from EOS Principal Investigator: Dr. Peter Mouginis-Mark, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI. Investigation of the Atmosphere/Ocean/Land System Related to Climate Processes Principal Investigator: Dr. Masoto Murakami, Meteorological Research Institute,Tsukuba, Japan. Chemical, Dynamical, and Radiative Interactions through the Middle Atmosphere and Thermosphere Principal Investigator: Dr. John A. Pyle, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Polar Ocean Surface Fluxes: The Interaction of Oceans, Ice, Atmosphere, and the Marine Biosphere Principal Investigator: Dr. Drew Rothrock, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Using Multi-Sensor Data to Model Factors Limiting Carbon Balance in Global Grasslands Principal Investigator: Dr. David S. Schimel, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Investigation of the Chemical and Dynamical Changes in the Stratosphere Up to and During the EOS Observing Period Principal Investigator: Dr. Mark Schoeberl, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions Principal Investigator: Dr. Piers Sellers, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. Use of a Cryospheric System to Monitor Global Change in Canada Principal Investigator: Dr. Rejean Simard, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Canada. Middle- and High-Latitude Oceanic Variability Study Principal Investigator: Dr. Meric A. Srokosz, Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Surrey, United Kingdom. Earth System Dynamics: The Determination and Interpretation of the Global Angular Momentum Budget Using EOS Principal Investigator: Dr. Byron D. Tapley, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. An Interdisciplinary Investigation of Clouds and Earth s Radiant Energy System: Analysis Principal Investigator: Dr. Bruce A. Wielicki, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA. % WEIGHT AND POWER CONSIDERATIONS % The EOS-A instrument confirmations represent a conservative approach to the EOS program with respect to launch and power considerations. When it is launched aboard a Titan-IV booster, the EOS payload will account for only 81 percent of the booster's allocation for payload mass. Other weight reserves are included in the overall launch plan: Pounds KG TITAN-IV total lift capability 33,000 15,000 Less allowance for fuel and flight-support equipment -6,600 -3,000 Less unallocated "reserve" -2,200 -1,000 Total lift capability available to EOS-A 24,200 11,000 Less unallocated "margin" -2,200 -1,000 Total mass of EOS-A satellite 22,000 10,000 Total mass allocated to payload 7,700 3,500 (including c. 30 percent contingency) Actual planned payload mass for first EOS-A payload 6,237 2,835 Percentage of total payload allocation 81 81 % At the beginning of its 5-year mission, the first EOS-A satellite's power requirement (3.1 kilowatts) will use only 46 percent of the solar-generated power allocated for the payload. By the end of the mission, power output will be reduced by approximately one-half, meaning the satellite will need 93 percent of the power allocated for the payload. % EOS will take up only 35 percent of the peak TDRS data-link capacity. % EOS represents only a small increase in number of instruments and payload mass from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), which is finishing development and scheduled for launch later this year: Number of Confirmed Payload Mass Instrument Investigations (Pounds/kg) UARS 10 5,500/2,500 First EOS-A Satellite 11 6,237/2,835 (Note: the UARS payload mass is 74 percent instrument and 26 percent cryogen.) % EOS is less massive than the Gamma Ray Observatory, which will be the largest satellite to be deployed by the Space Shuttle: TOTAL DRY MASS Gamma Ray Observatory 30,800 pounds (14,000 kg) First EOS-A satellite 22,300 pounds (10,140 kg) -end- ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | It's 10PM, do you know /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | where your spacecraft is? |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | We do! ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #114 *******************