Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Tue, 5 Feb 91 02:38:51 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Tue, 5 Feb 91 02:38:47 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #115 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 115 Today's Topics: Re: Satellite Imagery of Iraq/Kuwait Re: SPACE Digest V13 #088 POTENTIAL MAJOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM WARNING (with revised forecasts) Re: SPACE Digest V13 #093 Freedom: still an international project? Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 31 Jan 91 17:23:52 GMT From: borg!homer!leech@mcnc.org (Jonathan Leech) Subject: Re: Satellite Imagery of Iraq/Kuwait In article <1991Jan31.011949.16880@csn.org> you write: |> On another note, if TM data was available, roads and large buildings |> would certainly be visible with very little training. In a remote |> sensing class, we often used digital images which unmistakably showed such |> beasts. Runways and even large bridges are also visible. Keep in mind this image was being rebroadcast and shown at less than full screen size on an NTSC monitor; no doubt details in the original were filtered out. Now that I think on it a bit more, I believe they mentioned the image was taken before hostilities began. -- Jon Leech (leech@cs.unc.edu) __@/ ``Are there any more questions, besides the ones from the liberal communists?'' - George Uribe, natl. director of "Students For America" ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Jan 91 12:23:37 -0800 From: nirvana@ucscb.UCSC.EDU (60351000) Subject: Re: SPACE Digest V13 #088 Please... Do NOT send me the Space Digest!! It's just cluttering up my mailbox. Thank you. ------------------------------ X-Delivery-Notice: SMTP MAIL FROM does not correspond to sender. Date: Thu, 31 Jan 91 01:58:33 MST From: std_oler%HG.ULeth.CA@vma.cc.cmu.edu (Cary Oler) Subject: POTENTIAL MAJOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM WARNING (with revised forecasts) X-St-Vmsmail-To: st%"space+@andrew.cmu.edu" ********************************************* *** POTENTIAL GEOMAGNETIC STORM WARNING *** ********************************************* Issued: 07:30 UT, 31 January Geomagnetic Storm Warning Revised Forecasts ------------- ATTENTION: A MAJOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM associated with a SSC is expected to arrive at the earth between approximately 08:00 UT on 01 February and 20:00 UT on 01 February. Models indicate there is an 80% probability of a major geomagnetic storm attaining planetary magnetic A-index values of near 80 and associated K-index values as high as 7 or perhaps 8 over middle and low latitudes. High latitudes could experience STRONG MAJOR STORMING to SEVERE MAGNETIC STORMING. There is also a high risk that middle latitudes could also experience periods of SEVERE magnetic storming. The storm is expected to last anywhere from approximately 24 to 36 hours with active residual post-storm perturbations. The major energetic X-class flare of 31 January with associated strong Type II and IV sweeps is being held responsible for the predicted geomagnetic storm. A MAJOR AURORAL STORM WARNING has been issued for all high and middle latitude locations. The storm is expected to reach very intense levels over high latitudes, stretching down even to the middle latitude regions. The auroral zone is expected to migrate notably southward, possibly beyond regions along 47 north latitude. A LOW LATITUDE AURORAL ACTIVITY WARNING has been issued. Auroral activity is expected to reach intensities capable of being viewed from low latitude regions. The main phase of the storm may not begin until near sunrise in North America on Friday morning. North American observers will probably have to wait until after evening twilight to attempt to spot any auroral activity. Observers in Europe and the UK will probably witness the onset of the main auroral storm. A POTENTIAL ELECTRICAL ANOMALY WARNING has been issued for high and middle latitude regions. This warning is intended to alert those organizations and/or industries which could be affected by geomagnetically induced electrical currents to the increased potential for experiencing anomalies anytime after the main phase of the geomagnetic storm begins. Currently, the main phase is expected between approximately 08:00 UT on 01 February and 04:00 UT on 02 February. This warning is not intended to represent an absolute guarantee that anomalies will occur. Rather, it is intended to serve only as an alert mechanism to make those organizations or industries aware of the increased risk for magnetically induced anomalies on long conductive ground-based objects. MAJOR RADIO PROPAGATION DISRUPTIONS are expected for 01 February and 02 February. Some improvements are expected late on 02 February and into 03 February. However, residual magnetic activity and enhanced corpuscular emissions are expected to keep propagation qualities below normal until about 04 February. There is also a significant risk for further major proton flaring, which could prolong the period of degraded radio conditions as well as prolong and/or intensify the geomagnetic storming and terrestrial activity. A POLAR CAP ABSORPTION WARNING has been issued for the polar and high latitude regions. This latest flare is a suspected proton flare which is expected to attain flux levels near 200 p.f.u.. If these levels are attained, a PCA will almost certainly occur (and may already be in progress at the present time). Radio blackout conditions may exist over the polar and high latitude regions if a PCA should develope. REVISED PREDICTION CHARTS FOLLOW - THESE CHARTS SUPERSEDE THE CHARTS GIVEN IN THE SOLAR TERRESTRIAL FORECAST AND REVIEW. PLANETARY 10-DAY GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY OUTLOOK (27 JANUARY - 05 FEBRUARY) ________________________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY SEVERE | | | | | | | | | | | VERY HIGH! | | VERY SEVERE STORM | | | | | | | | | | | HIGH | | SEVERE STORM | | | | | | *|* | | | | MODERATE | | MAJOR STORM | | | | | | **|***| | | | LOW - MOD. | | MINOR STORM | | | | | | **|***|* | | | LOW | | VERY ACTIVE | | | | | |***|***|** | | | NONE | | ACTIVE | | | | | |***|***|***|** |** | NONE | | UNSETTLED | | | | **|***|***|***|***|***|***| NONE | | QUIET |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| NONE | | VERY QUIET |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| NONE | |-------------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|------------| | Geomagnetic Field |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| Anomaly | | Conditions | Given in 8-hour intervals | Intensity | |________________________________________________________________________| CONFIDENCE LEVEL: 65% HF RADIO SIGNAL PROPAGATION PREDICTIONS (27 JANUARY - 05 FEBRUARY) High Latitude Paths ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | | VERY GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | LEVEL | FAIR |***|* |* |* | | | | | | | ------- | POOR | | **| **| **|* | | | *| *|***| 65% | VERY POOR | | | | | **| | |** |** | | | EXTREMELY POOR | | | | | |***|***| | | | |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | PROPAGATION |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| | QUALITY | Given in 8-Hour UT Intervals | -------------------------------------------------------- Middle Latitude Paths ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | | VERY GOOD |***|* *|* *|* *| | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | GOOD | | * | * | * |***| | | | | | LEVEL | FAIR | | | | | |* | | |***|***| ------- | POOR | | | | | | | | *| | | 70% | VERY POOR | | | | | | | |** | | | | EXTREMELY POOR | | | | | | **|***| | | | |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | PROPAGATION |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| | QUALITY | Given in 8-Hour UT Intervals | -------------------------------------------------------- Low Latitude Paths ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | | VERY GOOD |***|***|***|***| | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | GOOD | | | | |***| | | | | *| LEVEL | FAIR | | | | | |* | | *|***|** | ------- | POOR | | | | | | | *| * | | | 65% | VERY POOR | | | | | | **|** |* | | | | EXTREMELY POOR | | | | | | | | | | | |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | PROPAGATION |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| | QUALITY | Given in 8-Hour UT Intervals | -------------------------------------------------------- NOTES: High latitudes >= 55 degree's north latitude Middle latitudes >= 40 < 55 degree's north latitude Low latitudes < 40 degree's north latitude POTENTIAL VHF DX PROPAGATION PREDICTIONS (27 JANUARY - 05 FEBRUARY) INCLUDES SID AND AURORAL BACKSCATTER ENHANCEMENT PREDICTIONS HIGH LATITUDES __________________________________________________ ___________________ | SIGNAL | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | | SID ENHANCEMENT | | QUALITY |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| |S|M|T|W|T|F|S|S|M|T| |__________|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| | VERY GOOD| | | | | | | | | | | 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |ABOVE NORM| | | | * | | | | | | | 20%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| | NORMAL|***|***|***|* *|** | | | **|***|***| 40%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |BELOW NORM| | | | | *| | *|* | | | 60%| | | | | | | | | | | | VERY POOR| | | | | |* *|** | | | | 80%| | | | | | | | | | | | BLACKOUT| | | | | | * | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | |==========|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===| |-------------------| | 100% | | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | | 80% | | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | | |*| | | | | | 60% | | | | | |* *| | | | | 60%| | | | | |*|*| | | | | 40% | | | | | *|***|***| | | | 40%| | | | | |*|*|*|*| | | 20% | * | * | * | * |***|***|***|***|** |** | 20%| | | | |*|*|*|*|*|*| | 0% |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |----------+---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |CHANCE OF |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| |S|M|T|W|T|F|S|S|M|T| | VHF DX | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | |AURORAL BACKSCATTER| |__________|_______________________________________| |___________________| MIDDLE LATITUDES __________________________________________________ ___________________ | SIGNAL | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | | SID ENHANCEMENT | | QUALITY |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| |S|M|T|W|T|F|S|S|M|T| |__________|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| | VERY GOOD| | | | | | | | | | | 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |ABOVE NORM| | * | **| **| * | | | | | | 20%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| | NORMAL|***|* *|* |* |* *| | | **|***|***| 40%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |BELOW NORM| | | | | |* | *|* | | | 60%| |*| |*|*|*|*|*|*|*| | VERY POOR| | | | | | **|** | | | | 80%| | | | |*|*| | | | | | BLACKOUT| | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | |==========|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===| |-------------------| | 100% | | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | | 80% | | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | | |*|*| | | | | 60% | | | | | |***|***| | | | 60%| | | | | |*|*| | | | | 40% | | * | * | * | **|***|***|***|** | * | 40%| | | | | |*|*|*|*| | | 20% | * | **| **| **|***|***|***|***|***|***| 20%| | | | |*|*|*|*|*|*| | 0% |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |----------+---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |CHANCE OF |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| |S|M|T|W|T|F|S|S|M|T| | VHF DX | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | |AURORAL BACKSCATTER| |__________|_______________________________________| |___________________| LOW LATITUDES __________________________________________________ ___________________ | SIGNAL | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | | SID ENHANCEMENT | | QUALITY |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| |S|M|T|W|T|F|S|S|M|T| |__________|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| | VERY GOOD| | | | | | | | | | | 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |ABOVE NORM| * | * | **| **| * | | | | | | 20%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| | NORMAL|* *|* *|* |* |* *| | **|***|***|***| 40%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |BELOW NORM| | | | | |***|* | | | | 60%|*| | |*|*|*|*|*|*|*| | VERY POOR| | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | |*|*| | | | | | BLACKOUT| | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | |==========|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===| |-------------------| | 100% | | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | | 80% | | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | | | | | | | | | 60% | * | | | * | * | * | * | | | | 60%| | | | | | | | | | | | 40% | **| **| **| **| **|***|***| **| **| **| 40%| | | | | |*|*| | | | | 20% | **| **| **| **| **|***|***|***|***| **| 20%| | | | | |*|*|*| | | | 0% |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |----------+---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |CHANCE OF |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| |S|M|T|W|T|F|S|S|M|T| | VHF DX | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | |AURORAL BACKSCATTER| |__________|_______________________________________| |___________________| NOTES: These VHF DX prediction charts are defined for the 50 MHz to 220 MHz bands. They are based primarily on phenomena which can affect VHF DX propagation globally. They should be used only as a guide to potential DX conditions on VHF bands. Latitudinal boundaries are the same as those for the HF predictions charts. For more information, request the document "Understanding Solar Terrestrial Reports" from: "std_oler@hg.uleth.ca". AURORAL ACTIVITY PREDICTIONS (27 JANUARY - 05 FEBRUARY) High Latitude Locations ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | VERY HIGH | | | | | | * | | | | | LEVEL | HIGH | | | | | |***| * | | | | ------- | MODERATE | | | | | |***|***|***| * | * | 75% | LOW | | * | * | * | **|***|***|***|***|***| | NOT VISIBLE |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | AURORAL |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| | INTENSITY | Eve.Twilight/Midnight/Morn.Twilight | -------------------------------------------------------- Middle Latitude Locations ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | VERY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | LEVEL | HIGH | | | | | | **|** | | | | ------- | MODERATE | | | | | |***|***|***| | * | 65% | LOW | | | | | |***|***|***|***|***| | NOT VISIBLE |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | AURORAL |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| | INTENSITY | Eve.Twilight/Midnight/Morn.Twilight | -------------------------------------------------------- Low Latitude Locations ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | VERY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | LEVEL | HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | ------- | MODERATE | | | | | | * | | | | | 60% | LOW | | | | | |***|***| | | | | NOT VISIBLE |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | AURORAL |Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue| | INTENSITY | Eve.Twilight/Midnight/Morn.Twilight | -------------------------------------------------------- ** End of Warning ** ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Jan 91 12:23:44 -0800 From: nirvana@ucscb.UCSC.EDU (60351000) Subject: Re: SPACE Digest V13 #093 Please... Do NOT send me the Space Digest!! It's just cluttering up my mailbox. Thank you. ------------------------------ Date: 31 Jan 91 14:15:36 GMT From: cuc1!kbruhnke@uunet.uu.net (Kurt Bruhnke) Subject: Freedom: still an international project? With Freedom scaled down, will there still be room for Columbus (European Lab) and JEM (Japanese Experiment Module)? Will Freedom still be an international project? I've gotten the impression that If Freedom is not going to have a habitation module, but depend on the shuttle instead, there will probably not be the other lab modules as well. I'm curious and haven't heard any comments on the international labs. kbruhnke@cucstud.UUCP ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #115 *******************