Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Tue, 4 Jun 91 02:23:56 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Tue, 4 Jun 91 02:23:48 -0400 (EDT) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #593 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 593 Today's Topics: International Civil Space Ageny by 93 Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 17 May 91 06:44:07 GMT From: vax5.cit.cornell.edu!usf@cu-arpa.cs.cornell.edu Subject: International Civil Space Ageny by 93 ******************************************************** * UNITED SPACE FEDERATION, INC. POSTING FOR THE 16TH * * OF MAY 1991 COPY RITE 1991 C. ALL RITES RESERVED * ******************************************************** ORGANIZATIONAL CHART ******************** Projects Missions Operations I I I I I I --International Space Administration-- I I EBOD I FPPT----------I-----------PCT I I I---SPC --------------------SRC-----{SPSC} I I I I I------SSC I-----SCOR I------SIC I-----COSPAR I------SAC I-----ISLARC I------STC I-----Sec. Gen. U.N. I------SETI AN INTERNATIONAL SPACE AGENCY BY 1993 AND HOW IT WOULD BE SET UP AND OPERATED This paper is an attempt to explain why an international (MULTINATIONAL) space agency should be divided into an organizational format consisting of a planning group, a governing group and a administrative group, with each consisting of specialized intergrouping structures and why this would be the most efficient way to setup and organize such an organization. The author feels that the most important basis for this grouping of similar interests or specialty groups is simply this:; International communication across cultural, political, religious and language barriers will be hard enoff with out interjecting complicated specialized professional jargon of the scientific, industrial, governmental and academic communities. By separating the major organizational activities into separate interorganizational groups consisting of the most important areas of activity; or made up of professional fields for which the success of such an international organizations activities would most dependent on, would in the opinion of the author of this paper ; yield the best overall results. In this manner, intercommunication between individuals in these groupings will be greatly simplified and there fore most productive. The consensus of these groups could then be more easily exchanged and conversed on by the appointed representatives of these groups with the other groups; in order to accomplish the overall goals of the whole organization, in a orderly and efficient manner. This type of organizational structure utilizing this specialized form of interorganizational grouping and intergroup communication and interaction could be used in all phases of such an international organizations activities; from conceiving and planning prospective international space activities, to debating and approving them, to undertaking and completing them. It is the view of the author of this paper, that the organizational structure presented and explained in this paper; would be the most efficient way to implement and under take international ( multi-national ) activities in space, on the moon and in the near future, on mars. The basic core concept of an international space agency will be covered in general. The author recognizes that should such an agency be created, that many other issues or considerations would be interjected that might not have been covered in this paper and that other considerations political, economic or otherwise would most likely take precedence in shaping such an effort to create an international space agency FORWARD The organizational structure the author feels would be best for an international space agency, is presented in this paper in detail. The author will make an effort to explain why such a organizational structure would be best suited for such an organization. It will then be left up to the reader to decide weather or not the concept presented here is practice or not, and weather or not the author has given strong enoff justification to support the proposed organizational structure, presented in this paper. To start this paper, the governing group will be covered first. THE SPACE REGULATION Commission ( SRC ) This governing group ( or regulatory body ) will be referred to in this paper as the Space Regulation Commission or " SRC ". This governing body would consist of national delegates of the international community participating in the activities of the international space agency ( which shall be referred to in this paper as the Space Council of Representatives or " SCOR " ), representatives of the existing space agencies and space organizations of member nations of the international space agency ( which shall be referred to in this paper as the Council of Space Agency Representatives or " COSPAR " ), representatives of the legal international community ( which shall be referred to in this paper as the International Space Law Advisory and Review Council or " ISLARC " ) and lastly United Nations representation and participation on this council will be covered. To summarize the purpose of the Space Regulation Commission or SRC is that the SRC is responsible for reviewing prospective projects presented by the Space Planning Commission or " SPC " ( The SPC will be covered latter in this paper in detail. ) to be considered as international projects, debate them, set down rules and guidelines for their implementation, draft legal agreements between participating members ( members refers to nations ), approve or reject these projects through established voting procedures by its members, delegate completion of these projects to the administrative body of the international space agency or " EBOD " ( The EBOD will be covered in detail latter in this paper. ), enforce compliance of these projects as approved by its membership and lastly act as a mediator in disputes between its membership. Now lets cover the different groupings of the SRC starting with SCOR, by explaining their purpose, basic responsibilities and some examples of how this would be actually be put into practice. Space Council of Representatives ( SCOR ) SCOR shall consist of high level governmental representatives of those countries participating in international space activities which are assigned to be undertaken as singular projects, through the agreement of the international partners ( Partners shall refer to countries throughout this paper. ) participating and then assigned to be overseen by an independent international agency. This will allow for dynamic planning for which all participating partners will have input, benefits and voting powers based on there total contributions to the project. For example: If an international moon based industrial & scientific facility, were the project being considered by the international partners, for consideration, the following would occur. The overall scope and purpose of the proposed project would be drafted, in general, by ( The SPC ) interested partners and a project completion time table would then be established for this project. These project time tables will then be broken down into 10 year periods or " Cycles ", which would consist of a series of segments or " Phases ", each consisting of 2 years. These cycles will be categorized into two categories, "Project Completion Cycles" and "project operational cycles". The partners voting powers would then be established based on " several factors ", which will be covered in more detail later in this section. After all partners voting powers are calculated " based on the basic formula covered latter in this section " the project responsibilities and organizational leadership will be assigned and broken down into project cells or groups. These " Groups " or " Cells " will be integrated into the projects overall time table of planned activities, to meet the needs of specific project activities, with in this planned time table, that would be required to enable the overall project to be completed as proposed or planned. These groups or cells would be directed or managed by " Team Leaders ", which would consist of those partners that have contributed or committed the most resources to the overall project or a particular phase of a project. HOW THE VOTING POWERS OF SCOR MEMBERS IS CALCULATED Now lets cover in general how voting powers or project leadership would be established in such an organizational structure or concept, and how it would apply to the members of SCOR involved in the project example given above. The factors used in determining partners voting or leadership powers during a project cycle, would be calculated in the following manner. First, the partners technical and scientific capabilities would be graded on a scale of 1 to 10, ten being the highest attainable capability factor and one being the lowest attainable capability factor. Then, the partners financial capabilities would be graded on a similar scale of 1 to 10 as used above, in relation to there financial & currency strength based on the world currency exchange rate. lastly, the partners existing industrial, scientific and space related facilities will be graded on a 1 to 10 scale as used above. From this point forward the above grade scales will be abbreviated as : A) Technical & Scientific Capabilities = TAC B) Financial & Currency Strength = FCS C) Existing Facilities Capabilities = EFC A & B & C = Project Participation Capability = PPC Also the following formulas will be used in the equation for total voting or leadership powers of each partner during a project cycle. D) Total financial resources committed = FRC every million dollars ( or equivalent ) = .01 E) Total facility or Material Resources Committed = MRC The total amount in dollars of all facilities or Material Resources Committed or contributed by each partner to MRC, for every million dollars of this total will = .01 F) Total project manpower contributions = TMC The TMC will be the total committed manpower by each partner, and for every 50 persons committed of the total amount will = 1 D & E & F = Total project resources committed = PRC G) project cycles will be broken down into 10 year segments with each cycle consisting of 5 phases, each phase consisting of 2 years. Cycles = C ( or later in this paper referred to as "C" factor ) H) Project partners do not necessarily have to participate in all phases of a cycle, and for each cycle every Phase that a partner will be participating in will be one phase. Phase = P ( or later in this paper referred to as "P" factor ) The formula for a partners voting powers during a cycle is as follows: C = [ (TAC+FCS+EFC) = PPC ] X [ (FRC+MRC+TMC) = PRC ] During each phase of a cycle a partners voting powers may increase or decrease based on the PRC for each phase of the cycle. A partners voting power during a phase is calculated as follows: P = [ ( FRC+MRC+TMC ) = PRC ] There will be two types of team configurations formed during the cycle of the example project mentioned earlier in this paper. These team leaders will be broken down into Cycle Team Leaders and Phase Team Leaders, which will be further explained in this section. The purpose of these team leaders will be to direct and coordinate the groups involved in the many tasks, activities, responsibilities or phases of a project cycle. First in this section I will cover the description and purpose of phase team leaders and then in more detail will cover cycle team leaders. Phase Team Leaders For each phase of a cycle the 4 partners with the highest "P" factor,( or has contributed the most " PRC " ) will be designated as team leaders to over see that phase of the cycle ( latter in this paper this team will be referred to as the projects compliance team or " PCT " ). These team leaders will have majority voting powers over that phase of the cycle, only cycle team leaders can over rule the decision of the majority vote of the phase team leaders. Phase team leaders will provide the international space agency administrations, board of directors, a detailed out line of approved phase activities, 2 months prior to beginning of planned phase activities. At the beginning of the phase activities control will be transferred from phase team leaders to the international space agencies, administrative bodies, under the direction of the board of directors, to be carried out as specified and approved by the cycle team leaders. Cycle Team Leaders The 12 cycle partners with the highest " C " factor will be designated as the team leaders for the entire cycle of a project ( latter in this paper this team will be referred to as future projects planning team or " FPPT " ). These team leaders will have majority voting powers over the cycle and may over rule any decision of a phase team by majority vote. Cycle project teams will outline basic cycle guidelines, goals and overall planning of cycle activities. Cycle team leaders will delegate phase responsibilities to phase team leaders to be completed with in the guidelines established for that phase of the cycle. For all major contracts of a cycle only the members of the cycle team leaders may participate in sealed biding for these major contracts. which will be presented to the board of directors of the international space agency. After the board of directors of the international space agency has reviewed these bids and selected the three best bid proposals. These three bid proposals will then be presented to the cycle team leaders to be voted on and the bid proposal receiving the most votes, will be given the major contract. Major subcontracts for all phases will be open to all phase team leaders by sealed bids to the board of directors of the international space agency. The three best bid proposals selected by the EBOD will be forwarded to cycle team leaders to be voted on, and the bid receiving the most votes will receive the major subcontract. All minor contracts or minor subcontracts for both cycle and phase projects, will be open to all participants of a cycle by sealed bids to the board of directors of the international space agency. The three best bids selected by the EBOD's of the international space agency will be forwarded to the cycle team leaders to be voted on. The project bid that receives the most votes by the cycle team leaders will receive the contract. When the contract bids are presented to the cycle team leaders for consideration. The contract bidders name and national origin will be with held, in order to promote fair voting policies based on a bidders capabilities to complete the project and the best price offered to complete the project, and there fore national biases can be eliminated. Once all cycle and phase major and minor contractors and subcontractors have been selected and the cycle and phase basic planning has been completed. Control of cycle activities will be turned over by cycle team leaders to the board of directors of the international space agency to be implemented. Once the EBOD of the international space agency has taken control of cycle activities, phase team leaders will be under the direction of the EBOD during the duration of each phase of the cycle, but phase team leaders will maintain direct control of responsibilities delegated to them by the cycle team leaders during the contract bidding process. It will be the responsibility of the phase team leaders to provide monthly updates to EBOD of the international space agency of all progress or problems during the monthly reporting period. The EBOD of the international space agency will provide progress updates every four months to all participants of cycle activities. If minor delays of less than 30 days during a phase is encountered, the EBOD of the international space agency may take corrective action on the phase team leaders level to correct the problem. If a delay of more than 30 days is encountered during a phase the EBOD must call a meeting of the cycle leaders in order to correct the problem. A delay of more than 30 days during a phase cycle will off set the planned activities of the next phase and will most likely affect planned cycle activities. HOW USE OF THESE INTERNATIONAL FACILITIES WOULD BE CALCULATED All members of a cycle project will receive use of entire facility based on the total PRC contributed to the cycle in relation to the total PRC of all members participating in cycle activities. For example: If the moon base had a total of 24 countries participating in the cycle project to complete an international moon base and one of the countries had contributed 12% PRC of the total PRC of all 24 countries. The following would occur: The country that contributed 12% PRC would receive 12% of the allotted use of that facility and could either use all or part of this allotted facility time for its own use, or may lease all or part of this time to a recognized member of the international space agency which can offer the highest bid price for this leasing of time. For a country to be able to offer their allotted facility use time to another member of the international space agency, all members of the international space agency must receive a notice 30 days prior to bid date for the lease of this facility time, so that all members will have fair opportunity to make a bid for use of this excess facility time. No member of the international space agency may maintain more than 45% use of the entire facility and once 45% use of the facility has been retained by one member of the international space agency, that member may no longer bid on access facility time offered by other members of the international space agency. Non-members, such as corporations and scientific organizations may lease facility use time from members of the international space agency, if they offer the goods, products, services, acquired resources or general scientific or technical information that are a result of this facility use time, to all members of the international space agency, in proportion to their total contributions to the facility ( PRC ). This how ever does not and will not apply to the techniques, technologies, acquired knowledge directly involved in or supporting the processes or techniques, or independently used resources or equipment used by the party using or utilizing this excess facility use time. These areas will be considered trade secretes, essential processes or a activities technique or technology that is critical to a project, process or procedure, and will remain the sole private and confidential property of the entity utilizing them. Although, for an individual entity to retain this wright while entering this international facility or area of control. The entity must first file a private claim with the administration of the international space agency of its intent to claim this as such, and receive a international patent from this administration to no other entity has filed previously for the same claim. If it is found that in fact no other similar claims are on file, a patent or claim rights are granted the filing entity, by the administration of the international space agency, for the term of the entities activities in this area. Once such a claim or patent is granted, no other entity may duplicate this claim or patent with out the sole permission of the entity which has been granted this claim or patent rights, by the administration of the international space agency, while in this area of international control or influence. Also, no other entity may have access to this information without the sole permission of the entity granted this claim or patent. This policy would apply to countries, organizations, corporations and individuals, based on date of application and content of application only. Example: If one of the members of the international space agency leases its facility use time to a space corporation that mines metal ores from the moon to provide metal to build metal components in space. The ore or metal products that are produced by this corporation must be offered to all members which have contributed to the PRC of the project in the following manner. The country that contributed 12% PRC to the project will receive rights to 12% of the monthly ore or metal produced by the space corporation for its own use, or may sell this ore or metal to any other member of the international space agency which offers the highest bid in real currency or exchange of real properties or services. The only stipulation to the sale of resources, products or services resulting from this international space facility is that they must be used for things which support the international space agency, civil space endeavors, civil related economies like medicine, public transportation, or which do not conflict with the charter of the international space agency. For example: They could not be used for any reason to support any type of military activities of any kind, or used in supporting military conflicts. This will create space based economies that all nations can participate in and benefit from based on their contributions to, and participation in these new space economies. The most obvious benefits will be that the industrial nations can focus and coordinate their space efforts, so that each benefits from this symbiotic relationship and can accomplish national goals in unison with the national goals of other industrial nations, and there by accomplish more with less and benefit in many ways from these focused international projects. Smaller developing nations or undeveloped nations, can participate in these international projects much in the same way as an individual participates in a stock market ( This is only a ruff example ). For example: A smaller nation may contribute 4% PRC of an international moon facility, although this is small in proportion to the total PRC of the project, many smaller nations together can make a helpful impact to the total project, thereby offsetting these large costs to the larger member nations. The biggest benefit to the smaller nation that contributed to the PRC of the project, is that it now has the ability to use 4% of the alloted facility time of this entire facility. This is in its self amazing because smaller nations that would have never dreamed of these types of activities can now participate in them. This 4% use of the facility and the resources or products of this facility, can now be offered to other members of the international space agency who could pay competitive prices for these benefits and can most readily use these resources. This would then create a small investment income because of there participation in the project, which can now grow, as there participation increases in future projects. As the activities of the international space agency increase and international activities in space, on the moon and in the near future on mars increase. Many new opportunities will be offered to the world community and thriving new economies will most surly result. Because military endeavors beyond earths orbit have not been allowed to be established because of the agreement of the international community through the charter of the international space agency. It will almost insure that future space endeavors will be civilian based and that peaceful and constructive activities in space by the international community will result. The reader of this paper might say what happens if a conflict occurs on the moon or mars who will bring order to the situation since the no country will have the ability to do so and who will be responsible to enforce civil peace, rules and laws in space beyond earths orbit, on the moon and mars. Since the international space organization is not in the business of civil police actions, or enforcement beyond its direct work force, personal under its control or members of its administration. Such possible conflicts would be handled by the United Nations only, and solved through this organization, which is able to police or enforce civil obedience beyond the sphere of responsibility of the international space agencies administration, over its personal and resources. This can and would be done using non lethal means only, by UN forces that would be sent to solve a problem, should one arise. Civil protection on the new frontier would not be a matter of national sovereignty, but of established rules set forth by the international community, which the citizens of all nations must abide by equally. In this way all sovereign nations can be assured of their citizens well being and fare and equal treatment out side the sphere of that nations sovereignty and national laws. On the other hand all citizens of the international community who venture into the new frontier to work or live, will have to abide by the rules which the international community establishes or will be unable to leave their sovereign nation in to this sphere of international law, because of there unwillingness to abide by these laws. For example: If a miner from any country in the world wishes to work on the moon , he or she must obtain a special visa from his or her government, stating that they are agreeing to allow this miner to temporarily leave the sovereign control of this country for a set period of time, after which they must be returned. The individual must also agree to abide by the rules of the new frontier during his or her duration in the new frontier, and receive notice from their government that failure to comply with established international laws while in the new frontier. Will be grounds for trial under the rule of international law and that if he or she breaks these laws that his or her government, will not hold the members of the international space agency or individuals assigned to enforce the international laws established by the international community in this region, accountable for such actions in any way, or directly represent them should they break any international rules while in the new frontier. There fore any individual who enters this region of international law and control, will have done so voluntarily, and with the agreement and assurance of their government that they have volunteered to enter this region of international law an control fully knowing the terms and conditions of this privilege, and that their government has agreed to release sovereignty over them for this period of time of the visa and will not interfear with the proceedings should this individual break any international law, and be punished or tried by individuals assigned to enforce and oversee the international laws and rules established by the international community, for these regions of international control. As large multi national projects begin to become common place in space and the numbers of individuals from many different countries increase in space, on the moon and in the near future on mars. This will be the best way to solve not only the problem of countries national sovereignty of over their citizens in space, but also will provide a common understanding and common laws and rules for the treatment and protection of individuals in this region of international control, and will set down basic rules and guidelines that all individuals who enter this region of international control must abide by as a condition of their privilege to enter this region of international control. This will allow for productive and peaceful international ( multi-national ) activities in space in the future and reduce the chances of unnecessary conflict or misunderstandings because of miscommunication or inadequate guidelines for interaction of multi-nationals in this area. With strong support by the international community to put these ideals in place will lead to only positive results, but if the complicated mess of national sovereignty and varying conceptions of law by the many nations is carried into space and attempted to be established on the moon or mars, or in space, only conflict and confrontation can result. This could and most likely would lead to war here on earth or even in space, were all this could have been eliminated by establishing international order and law in space and not allowing national sovereignty and individual national laws to migrate into these regions of international control and law, and forbidding any type of military activities in this region by any country, and giving the United Nations full authority to police this region and to enforce international laws and rules in this region, and to be responsible for the well being and protection of the citizens of the world community in these regions. Therefore it is the feelings of the author of this paper, that by creating a space council consisting of representatives of the major space powers and other interested member nations, will provide the crucial insight and direction needed to focus science and high technology related activities world wide for peaceful and constructive purposes, by the industrial and developing nations of the world community, well into the 21st century. THE SPACE REGULATION COMMISSION ( SRC ) REVISITED This pool of multi-national representatives formed to become the main guiding and controlling body of this effort could be called the Space Council of Representatives ( which was mentioned at the beginning of this paper and will later in this paper be referred to as " SCOR " ) and will make up the main part of the Space Regulation Commission of the international space agency ( which latter in this paper will be referred to as the " SRC " ). SCOR will have a governing body which will consist of the 12 nations with the highest PPC ( This is used in the beginning of this paper and refers to the cycle formula ), which will have the ability to over rule or veto the decisions of SCOR through a majority vote by its members. This governing body shall be referred to as the Space Powers Subcommittee or " SPSC ". The SRC shall also consist of an international space law council ( which latter in this paper will be referred to as the International Space Law Advisory and Review Council or " ISLARC " ), a council consisting of high level administrators, engineers and scientists of the existing space organizations from around the globe ( which latter in this paper will be referred to as the Council of Space Agency Representatives or " COSPAR " ) ,and lastly the Secretary General of the United Nations will have representative status in the SRC. The SRC will be the governing and regulator body of the international space agency and will be responsible for approving prospective international space projects which are proposed by the Space Planning Commission of the international space agency ( the Space Planning Commission or " SPC " will be mentioned latter in this paper in detail ) and once approved. The SRC will delegate control off this project to the administrative body of the international space agency ( the Elected Board of Directors or " EBOD " which will be explained in detail latter in this paper) to be carried out. INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW ADVISORY AND REVIEW COUNCIL ( ISLARC ) ISLARC will be an important part of the SRC because new laws and policy guide lines for international (multi- national) activities in space on the moon and in the near future on mars will have to be drafted by the international community. This pool of legal specialists from the many nations of the world community, will make drafting these international laws for this new region of international activity, possible, in a way that will allow input from all nations, and will result in the creation of fair international space laws, that will be understood and supported by the world community. This pool of legal specialists will also be used to advise SCOR representatives on legal issues when they arise, review cycle drafts for potential legal problems before SCOR approves them and to remain in a legal consultation status with SCOR during all phases of its activities. ISLARC will also be tasked with creating international guidelines and policies to protect the invested interests commercial, technical, scientific and national accomplishments in space, on the moon and in the near future on mars. ISLARC could also be used or tasked with assisting SCOR with solving legal disputes or grievances between members of the international space agency should they arise. COUNCIL OF SPACE AGENCY REPRESENTATIVES ( COSPAR ) COSPAR would be tasked with focusing interagency activities ( that is the activities which involve the national space agencies or space programs of member nations of the international space agency that are involved in cycle activities ) and efforts during all phases of a project or cycle. COSPAR will also be in consultative status with SCOR to advise SCOR of the feasibility of projects presented to SCOR by the SPC and to what degree present efforts of COSPAR members can be integrated into these proposals and agenda's, and to what degree available technical and scientific resources exist to support these efforts or projects. COSPAR will also be responsible for giving SCOR accurate data and information on the cost to implement these projects and what degree of difficulty will be encountered in completing these projects. In general COSPAR will be designated to provide all technical and space related activities consulting to SCOR during all phases of its activities. The administrative capabilities of COSPAR members will become important in solving delays or critical problems encountered during cycle or phase activities. SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS PARTICIPATION IN THE SRC The Secretary General of the United Nations will have representative status on the SRC to enable these two world organizations to communicate directly with each other at the highest levels. This will allow the administration of the international space agency to stay abreast of international issues out side their sphere of influence, that may effect the established programs of the international space agency. U.N. officials can also keep abreast of the activities of the international space agency and intergrate common interests of the two organizations, when ever possible. should an international crisis occur this will allow for problem solving and monitoring of the situation to be coordinated at the highest levels between the two organizations. The most important benefit of having U.N. representation on the SRC is that spin off benefits from activities of the international space agency can be disseminated to counties that most need this assistance, by the U.N.. Another benefit of this relationship is that should a conflict occur in or around a facility of the international space agency, or in the region of international control which the international space agency is operating. The U.N. could protect these facilities or police these areas of international control and enforce international law in these areas for which it is best suited and able to do. The importance of the U.N. will be great in this newly created sphere of international control and international law, being that sovereign countries can not directly intercede in these areas. The protection and safety of world citizens in this area and the overseeing of activities in this area will be the sole responsibility of the U.N. for this reason. Such future space activities will benefit greatly from this type interaction between the international space agency and the United Nations and would greatly simplify international ( multi-national ) activities and interaction in these areas. This has summed up the description of the SRC and the inter commission groups that it consists of, and has explained the purpose of each, and why the author of this paper feels it should be structured in this way. Now the structure and purpose of the Space Planning Commission or " SPC " will be covered in general, and the author of this paper will attempt to explain why this structure should be best suited for such an organization. THE SPACE PLANNING COMMISSION (SPC) The SPC would basically be the creative or planning entity of the international space agency and would combine and circulate the many ideas, aspirations and concepts for international high technology or space related projects, by many different sources from around the world. This would only enhance and strengthen the future success of such projects and would only increase overall support and participation in such projects, by those who have had the ability to contribute their ideas and aspirations to them. This pooling of ideas and talent will also lay the foundation for a broader selection of possibilities and ideas for such projects and will increase the possibilities of solving major problems or obstacles encountered in such projects, because of this diverse pool of knowledge and talent resources. Also, such things as broad competition and stimulated creativity, would bring about a steady stream of progressive improvements and would be a platform from which human space exploration and conquest would be furthered and pursued in a cooperative, productive,beneficial and peaceful manner by the world community. The Space Planning Commission or " SPC " would be broken down into basic groups that would consist of the industrial, scientific, academic, economic and visionary communities from around the world. These communities would be most active and helpful in the planning of prospective international high technology or space related endeavors. The proposed SPC would consist of the following intergrouping structures: SPACE SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL ( SSC ) The Space Scientific Council or " SSC " would be tasked with representing the scientific interests of the world community and would have voting members and nonvoting members. Voting members of the SSC would consist of the national scientific representatives directly representing the individual national interests of the member nations of the international space agency or partners participating in a project cycle being conducted by the international space agency. The voting membership of the SSC will select a representative by a majority vote by the voting membership of the SIC, which will represent the collective interests of the SIC on the SPC, and to other representatives of the SRC, SPC and the administration of the international space agency. The nonvoting membership of the SSC would consist of recognized scientific organizations, foundations or not for profit groups and entities that have applied for membership in the SSC and is approved for affiliation by administration of the international space agency and granted sponsorship by an advisory committee consisting of voting members of the SSC. The purpose of the SSC would be to propose, plan, debate, approve or disapprove prospective international high technology or space related international collective scientific research projects to be present to the SRC to be considered as projects in which the international space agency would undertake or sponsor, and once approved by the SRC and delegated to be carried out by the international space agency, the SSC will be responsible for undertaking and implementing these projects, through its membership, as approved by its membership. SPACE INDUSTRIAL COUNCIL ( SIC ) The Space Industrial Council or " SIC " which would consist of international industrial representatives of countries, corporations, companies or facilities involved in, or participating in cycle projects being conducted by the international space agency. The membership of the SIC would consist of voting and nonvoting members. The voting membership of the SIC would consist of industrial representatives of countries participating in cycle activities and representatives of countries, corporations, companies or industrial facilities granted contracts or subcontracts during the bidding process for cycle projects, or particular phases of a project cycle. The voting membership of the SIC will consist of the Industrial Assemble of National Delegates, Cycle Commission, Phase Commission and lastly an appointed council representative selected by majority vote by the membership of the Industrial Assemble of National Delegates, who will represent the collective decisions of the SIC on the Space Planning Commission and to other council representatives of the SRC, SPC and the administration of the international space agency, and will chair all meetings of the Industrial Assemble of National Delegates and act as the President of the Cycle Commission and the Phase Commission. The rest of this paper will be posted at a latter date as I am tired of typing ! I hope this give people out there an idea of what I am talking about when I say " An International Space Agency By 1993 ", " An Idea Whose Time Has Come! " Thank you for your time and support,Godspeed! Sincerely, Rick R. Dobson Executive Director United Space Federation, Inc. Address: UNITED SPACE FEDERATION, INC. International Headquarters P.O. Box 4722 Ithaca, New York 14852-4722 In the United States of America E-MAIl: BITNET: USF@CRNLVAX5.BITNET USF@CORNELLA.BITNET INTERNET: USF@CORNELLA.CIT.CORNELL.EDU USF@VAX5.CIT.CORNELL.EDU ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #593 *******************