Date: Sun, 28 Feb 93 05:10:05 From: Space Digest maintainer Reply-To: Space-request@isu.isunet.edu Subject: Space Digest V16 #234 To: Space Digest Readers Precedence: bulk Space Digest Sun, 28 Feb 93 Volume 16 : Issue 234 Today's Topics: Beamed power transmission on Mars? E-MAIL PENPAL LIST ESA press release Fallen Angels Gore on Today tomorrow How to power the LEO-moon space bus (2 msgs) Satellite Directory SSF Resupply (Was Re: Nobody cares about Fred?) Welcome to the Space Digest!! Please send your messages to "space@isu.isunet.edu", and (un)subscription requests of the form "Subscribe Space " to one of these addresses: listserv@uga (BITNET), rice::boyle (SPAN/NSInet), utadnx::utspan::rice::boyle (THENET), or space-REQUEST@isu.isunet.edu (Internet). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Thu, 25 Feb 1993 16:20:23 GMT From: Henry Spencer Subject: Beamed power transmission on Mars? Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1993Feb25.131408.17081@ke4zv.uucp> gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman) writes: >... Lasers make a tight enough beam, but there's >no really compact or efficient way to convert the light to electricity. Actually, you can do reasonably well on efficiency; solar cells are much more efficient on monochromatic light than on sunlight. If memory serves, getting 50% or better is not hard. The "compact" part is still a problem. >On board nuclear power is much better for this purpose... I don't see that a nuclear heat source is going to be any better than an incoming laser beam for running a heat engine, and it's certain to be heavier. It does (as Gary said) have the virtue of being self-contained. -- C++ is the best example of second-system| Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology effect since OS/360. | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: 25 Feb 93 05:15:46 GMT From: Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey Subject: E-MAIL PENPAL LIST Newsgroups: sci.space In article <5259.120.uupcb@kingsp.gwinnett.com>, trish.rucker@kingsp.gwinnett.com (Trish Rucker) writes: > > E-MAIL PENPAL MAILING LIST > > Interested in corresponding with penpals via e-mail? Sorry, sci.space has already given me 45,000 pen pals, and just keeping up with their feuds is exhausting. I'm afraid I can't take on any more. -- O~~* /_) ' / / /_/ ' , , ' ,_ _ \|/ - ~ -~~~~~~~~~~~/_) / / / / / / (_) (_) / / / _\~~~~~~~~~~~zap! / \ (_) (_) / | \ | | Bill Higgins Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory \ / Bitnet: HIGGINS@FNAL.BITNET - - Internet: HIGGINS@FNAL.FNAL.GOV ~ SPAN/Hepnet: 43011::HIGGINS ------------------------------ Date: Thursday, 25 Feb 1993 17:33:02 CET From: A6@ESOC.BITNET Subject: ESA press release Newsgroups: sci.space Press Release No. 09-93 Paris, 25 February 1993 ESA at the Paris Air Show, Le Bourget 10/20 June 1993 Man, Earth, Space The European Space Agency (ESA) will be putting on a quite exceptional display at this year's fortieth Paris Air Show, which is being held from 10 to 20 June at Le Bourget airport, on the outskirts of Paris. In a 1500 m2 pavilion, ESA will be presenting the range of Europe's space programmes around three main themes: Man, Earth and Space. Man and his role in space activities, especially on missions in near- Earth orbit, will be presented to the public in the most spectacular manner: in an octagonal aquarium, 6m in depth and containing 360m3 of water, astronauts will go through their routines in and around a structure representing the Columbus attached laboratory. There will be four windows, each 3m x 3m, to enable members of the public to observe this simulation of the work done by astronauts in orbit both within the laboratory and on space walks. This aquarium is going to be the centrepiece of the ESA pavilion, in that it will not only be extremely spectacular but will give the public and the media an idea of the difficulties involved in the tasks that astronauts have to carry out under microgravity conditions. It is going to be used during the Air Show for actual tests by the ESA astronaut team and afterwards in the course of development tests on orbital laboratories of the future. Study of the Earth itself is of course among the Agency's foremost interests, and ESA is helping to improve our knowledge of the terrestrial environment with such programmes as ERS, Meteosat and the future polar platform, which has now been given the name Envisat. This key aspect of ESA's space research is represented by full-scale mock-ups of Meteosat and ERS and, in relief on the front wall of the pavilion, an illustration of the Envisat polar platform, also full-scale. The conquest and exploitation of Space are, as ever, ESA's primary activities, starting with Ariane, to which Europe owes its position on the launcher market. Ariane-5, whose maiden flight is scheduled for autumn 1995, will be represented by a 1:10 scale mock-up, a 1:4 scale half-fairing with two satellites installed, and a 12m x 7m fresco depicting the base of the launcher with the Vulcain engine and the lower ends of the boosters. There will also be a 1:10 scale mock-up of Ariane-4, Europe's current launcher. Science, ESA's basic activity, will be represented by full-scale mock-ups of two programmes: Soho, whose mission will be permanent observation of the sun's surface, is scheduled for launch in 1995, and ISO, the infrared space observatory, in 1994. The Agency's telecommunications interests will be represented by a mock-up of Artemis, a preoperational geostationary communication satellite, scheduled for launch on the second Ariane-5 flight, in spring 1996. Finally, there will be various audiovisual presentations to give the public more information about ESA. Two holoramas, using original processes, will take members of the public on voyages between the Earth and space, and there will be opportunities for interactive discovery of new virtual reality simulation techniques. ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 25 Feb 1993 16:16:52 GMT From: Henry Spencer Subject: Fallen Angels Newsgroups: sci.space In article <2001@tnc.UUCP> m0102@tnc.UUCP (FRANK NEY) writes: >In the SF book 'Fallen Angels' by Larry Niven & others, a launch >vehicle named PHOENIX was described. In the afterward, it was claimed >that such a launch vehicle (SSTO/VTOL) could be build for $50M-200M. > >Anyone have information on the design of this critter? Look at any of the work currently being done on wingless SSTO vehicles and you'll see Phoenix's cousins. Phoenix was a real design -- actually, a family of real designs -- and Gary Hudson is a real person. You have to apply a modest "Hudson factor" to the estimated costs :-), but it is quite likely that a small SSTO vehicle could be built for a few hundred million. -- C++ is the best example of second-system| Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology effect since OS/360. | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 25 Feb 1993 18:29:52 GMT From: "Allen W. Sherzer" Subject: Gore on Today tomorrow Newsgroups: sci.space,talk.politics.space VP Al Gore will be on the Today Show tomorrow between 7:30 and 8:30. He will be taking questions. I don't know the phone number. This would be a good chance to ask about SSTO. Allen -- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Allen W. Sherzer | "A great man is one who does nothing but leaves | | aws@iti.org | nothing undone" | +----------------------110 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX----------------------+ ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 25 Feb 1993 16:47:26 GMT From: Bruce Dunn Subject: How to power the LEO-moon space bus Newsgroups: sci.space > Craig Meyer writes: > > "Moon rocks consist chiefly of minerals containing aluminum, calcium, iron, > magnesium, oxygen, silicon, and titanium. Hydrogen, helium, and other > gases > are trapped in some of the rocks." > > I've been wondering if, along with building materials, some sort of > propellant > could be extracted from moon dirt. > > Oxygen (and therefore LOX) looks easy enough. > > The only thing on my list from the World Book that looks "worth > burning" is Aluminum. Could it be burned quickly in some kind of powdered > form? One potential propellant combination which does not involve light gases is lithium + fluorine. Burning Li with F gives LiF, which is a gas at combustion chamber temperatures and which remains a gas during a very considerable expansion. Lithium + fluorine has a specific impulse about 95% of that of hydrogen and oxygen, and has previously been burnt in experimental motors. The lithium is a low melting point metal, and is fed to the engine as a liquid. Is there any indication of suitable lithium or fluoride ores on the moon, or might one just as well ask for an artesian spring? -- Bruce Dunn Vancouver, Canada Bruce_Dunn@mindlink.bc.ca ------------------------------ Date: 25 Feb 93 17:39:47 GMT From: Henry Spencer Subject: How to power the LEO-moon space bus Newsgroups: sci.space In article <21427@mindlink.bc.ca> Bruce_Dunn@mindlink.bc.ca (Bruce Dunn) writes: > One potential propellant combination which does not involve light >gases is lithium + fluorine... > Is there any indication of suitable lithium or fluoride ores on the >moon, or might one just as well ask for an artesian spring? As far as I know, there's no reason for the Moon to be particularly depleted in either. Fluorine, in particular, forms fairly refractory compounds just as willingly as oxygen. However, neither is exactly a common element, so just because the Moon isn't unusually poor in these elements doesn't mean it's rich in them. Lithium is a moderately rare element on Earth, and fluorine isn't exactly abundant. Off the top of my head, without having investigated the geology of either, I'd guess that you would find such ores, but not without a careful search based on a more detailed understanding of lunar geology than we now have. They won't be common. -- C++ is the best example of second-system| Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology effect since OS/360. | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: 25 Feb 93 16:18:41 GMT From: WOODS DEBRA J Subject: Satellite Directory Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro,alt.sci.planetary Date: February 7,1993 From: Mr. Phillip S Clark, Molniya Space Consultancy Subject: A New Monthly Satellite Directory Newsgroups: sci.space, sci.astro, alt.sci.planetary NEW PUBLICATION ANNOUNCEMENT WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES ============================ The recent announcement that the DRA/Royal Aerospace Establishment's Table of Earth Satellites is to cease publication when all of the 1992 launches have been documented means that there will be a major information gap for people interested in up-to-date news of satellite launches. Starting in February 1993 a new monthly satellite listing will be published by the MOLNIYA SPACE CONSULTANCY, and this will fill the gap left by the DRA/RAE Tables. The new WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES will be published on the 15th of each month and each issue will list the successful launches which took place the previous month as well as failures to reach orbit where information is available. WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES will include for each major object from every launch: launch date and time (in decimals of a day), descent date and time (where the latter is known), object name, international designation, launch site, launch vehicle, mass and detailed orbital data (orbit date, inclination, orbital period, perigee and apogee) showing manoeuvres where applicable. Additionally, WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES will include a description of the satellite mission being undertaken and a brief description of the satellite itself. Each monthly listing of WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES will include a list of additions and updates, which will list recent decays from orbit, newly-tracked objects from previous launches, etc. For users of the DRA/RAE Table of Earth Satellites it will therefore be possible to have an up-to-date record of what is in orbit. For other users, this will be the most detailed and most speedily available listing of new objects in orbit. WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES will be compiled by Phillip S Clark, who has been preparing satellite listings in recent years for Jane's Intelligence Review, as well as having written widely about space matters. The subscription rate for twelve monthly supplements covering 1993 launches will be L50 for UK subscribers (first class mail), L60 for overseas subscribers (air mail will be used). Future subscriptions will include the cost of a bound volume of the previous year's launches, fully up-dated. If you are interested in receiving WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES please contact:- Phillip S. Clark. Molniya Space Consultancy. 30, Sonia Gardens, Heston. Middlesex. TW5 0LZ ENGLAND. Tel/fax: +44 81 570 3248 ************************************************************************************* WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES: 1992 ==================================================================================== Launch Date Spacecraft Launch Site Mass Orbital Descent Date Int'l Designation Launch Vehicle Epoch In 1992 Catalogue Number kg 1992 ==================================================================================== Dec 1.95 Superbird A1 Kourou 2,780 Dec 2.19 (In Orbit) 1992-084A/22253 Ariane 42P Dec 3.06 Dec 12.34 Dec 1.95 Ariane third stage 1,242 Dec 2.19 (In Orbit) 1992-084B/22254 Superbird is Japanese satellite, operated by Space Communications Corporation, Tokyo Ka- bands. Satellite body is a box 3.4 metres high, 2.4 metres x 2.2 metres with a deployment. Mass given above is at launch: on station the mass is 1,665 kg and at have dropped to 1,255 kg. Deployed over 158 oE. Ariane third stage is a cylinder, 2.6 metres diameter and 11.7 metres long. Ariane time 22.48. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dec 2.08 Molniya-3 43 Plesetsk 1,750 ? Dec 2.13 (In Orbit) 1992-085A/22255 Molniya Dec 14.47 Dec 2.08 Molniya third stage 3,100 ? Dec 2.19 Dec 14 1992-085B/22256 Dec 2.08 Debris ? Dec 2.19 Dec 11 1992-085C/22257 Dec 2.08 Molniya fourth stage 1,100 ? Dec 2.13 (In Orbit) 1992-085D/22258 (1992-085 launch continued overleaf) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES: 1992 ==================================================================================== Launch Date Spacecraft Launch Site Mass Orbital Descent Date Int'l Designation Launch Vehicle Epoch In 1992 Catalogue Number kg 1992 ==================================================================================== 1992-085, cont Dec 2.08 Debris ? Dec 10.75 Dec 15 1992-085E/22262 Communications satellite, co-planar with Molniya-3 34. Shape is cylindrical body, vanes of solar panels deployed to give a windmill appearance. Molniya third stage is a cylinder, 2.66 metres diameter and 8.1 metres long: fourth metres long (approximate dimensions). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dec 2.57 Discovery/STS-53 KSC 87,565 Dec 2.73 Dec 9.86 1992-086A/22259 Shuttle Dec 3.85 Dec 2.57 DOD-1 10,530 Dec 3 (In Orbit) 1992-086B/(Not Known) First flight of shuttle orbiter Discovery after refurbishment. Crew comprised D M Bluford (mission specialist, MS-1), J S Voss (MS-2) and M R Clifford (MS-3). Orbit length 37 metres and wingspan 23.8 metres: mass given above is that projected for la Edwards Air Force Base was 20.44. Primary payload was DOD-1, the final primary Department of Defense classified payloa Mass quoted above includes support equipment which remained in the shuttle orbiter's orbital data for DOD-1 and that quoted above is taken from the Rockwell Internationa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES: 1992 ==================================================================================== Launch Date Spacecraft Launch Site Mass Orbital Descent Date Int'l Designation Launch Vehicle Epoch In 1992 Catalogue Number kg 1992 ==================================================================================== Dec 9.48 Cosmos 2223 Tyuratam 7,000 ? Dec 9.72 (In Orbit) 1992-087A/22260 Soyuz Dec 10.21 Dec 9.48 Soyuz third stage 2,400 ? Dec 9.59 Dec 12 1992-087B/22261 Payload is fifth generation photoreconnaissance satellite, expected to remain in orb unknown, but probably cylindrical (diameter 2.3 metres, length 7 metres ?) with a sp (1992-018A), launched 1992 April 8, still operating as Cosmos 2223 began its mission Soyuz third stage is a cylinder, approximately 2.66 metres diameter and 8.1 metres l ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dec 17.53 Cosmos 2224 Tyuratam 2,200 ? Dec 17.51 (In Orbit) 1992-088A/22269 Proton-4 Dec 17.53 Proton third stage 5,400 ? Dec 17.77 Dec 19 1992-088B/22270 Dec 17.53 Debris ? Dec 17.77 Dec 18 1992-088C/22271 Dec 17.53 Proton fourth stage 2,100 ? Dec 17.30 (In Orbit) 1992-088D/22272 Dec 17.53 Ullage rocket 50 ? Dec 18.91 (In Orbit) 1992-088E/22273 (1992-088 launch continued overleaf) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES: 1992 ==================================================================================== Launch Date Spacecraft Launch Site Mass Orbital Descent Date Int'l Designation Launch Vehicle Epoch In 1992 Catalogue Number kg 1992 ==================================================================================== 1992-088, cont Dec 17.53 Ullage rocket 50 ? Dec 18.91 (In Orbit) 1992-088F/22274 Cosmos 2224 is fourth satellite in the Prognoz remote sensing series, previous satel Cosmos 2209. The latter two satellites are currently operating over 336 oE. No d available. As of 1993 January 4 the satellite was still drifting in an orbit close Proton third stage is a cylinder, approximately 4.15 metres diameter and 4 metres lo (Block-DM) has a diameter of 3.7 metres and a length of 6.3 metres. Two ullage roc final engine ignition begins. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dec 18.94 Navstar 17 (USA 87) ER 1,667 Dec 18.79 (In Orbit) 1992-089A/22275 Delta-2 (7925) Dec 20.79 Dec 29.33 Dec 31.32 Dec 18.94 Delta second stage 919 Dec 19.04 (In Orbit) 1992-089B/22276 Dec 18.94 Delta third stage (PAM-D) 205 Dec 19.04 (In Orbit) 1992-089C/22277 Eighth flight of Block 2A Navstar satellite. Satellite is a cylinder plus four van metres diameter and a span of 5.3 metres. Mass quoted above includes propellant: d (1992-089 launch continued overleaf) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES: 1992 ==================================================================================== Launch Date Spacecraft Launch Site Mass Orbital Descent Date Int'l Designation Launch Vehicle Epoch In 1992 Catalogue Number kg 1992 ==================================================================================== 1992-089, cont Delta second stage is a cylinder, 2.44 metres diameter and 5.88 metres long: orbit i separation, this manoeuvre clearing any residual propellant in the stage. PAM-D is 2.29 metres. Actual launch time was 22.28 GMT. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dec 21.47 Optus-B 2 + Xi Chang 7,650 ? Dec 21.79 (In Orbit) CZ-2E third stage CZ-2E 1992-090A/22278 Dec 21.47 CZ-2E second stage 5,500 ? Dec 21.79 (In Orbit) 1992-090B/22279 Optus-B 2 is an Australian communications satellite, previously known as AUSSAT-B 2: Satellite is a Hughes HS-601 model. Central body of satellite a box 2.3 metres on (if they are deployed). Dry mass of satellite 1,272 kg: propellant mass approximat deployed close to 160 oE. CZ-2E second stage is a cylinder, 3.35 metres diameter and 15.52 metres long. Thir and 2.69 metres long, using a United States STAR-63F solid propellant motor. After launch at 11.20 GMT, CZ-2E delivered third stage and satellite to the planned second stage the United States third stage failed to operate, leaving the payload in ascent trajectory suggests that the satellite was actually partially destroyed durin ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES: 1992 ==================================================================================== Launch Date Spacecraft Launch Site Mass Orbital Descent Date Int'l Designation Launch Vehicle Epoch In 1992 Catalogue Number kg 1992 ==================================================================================== Dec 22.50 Cosmos 2225 Tyuratam 6,500 ? Dec 22.56 (In Orbit) 1992-091A/22280 Soyuz Dec 23.61 Dec 22.50 Soyuz third stage 2,400 ? Dec 22.56 Dec 26 1992-091B/22281 Fourth generation photoreconnaissance satellite belonging to the topographic/mapping 45 days. Details of the satellite design are unknown. Soyuz third stage is a cylinder, approximately 2.66 metres diameter and 8.1 metres l ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dec 22.53 Cosmos 2226 Plesetsk 1,000 ? Dec 23.23 (In Orbit) 1992-092A/22282 Tsyklon-3 Dec 22.53 Tsyklon third stage 1,000 ? Dec 23.15 (In Orbit) 1992-092B/22283 Geodetic satellite in the GEO-IK series. Design apparently based upon the Tsikada- approximately 2 metres diameter and 2.1 metres long plus gravity-stabilising boom pl deployed. Tsyklon third stage is a stubby cylinder, approximately 2.3 metres diameter and 2.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES: 1992 ==================================================================================== Launch Date Spacecraft Launch Site Mass Orbital Descent Date Int'l Designation Launch Vehicle Epoch In 1992 Catalogue Number kg 1992 ==================================================================================== Dec 25.25 Cosmos 2227 Tyuratam 9,000 ? Dec 26.30 (In Orbit) 1992-093A/22284 Zenit-2 Dec 25.25 Zenit second stage 8,300 ? Dec 25.31 (Disintegrated) 1992-093B/22285 Dec 26.30 Dec 25.25 Debris ? Dec 26.52 (In Orbit) 1992-093C/22288 Dec 25.25 Debris ? Dec 26.51 (In Orbit) 1992-093D/22289 Dec 25.25 Satellite ejection unit ? Dec 26.26 (In Orbit) 1992-093E/22290 Dec 25.25 Satellite ejection unit ? Dec 26.34 (In Orbit) 1992-093F/22291 Dec 25.25 Satellite ejection unit ? Dec 26.04 (In Orbit) 1992-093G/22292 Dec 25.25 Satellite ejection unit ? Dec 26.63 (In Orbit) 1992-093H/22293 Dec 25.25 Debris ? Dec 26.80 (In Orbit) 1992-093J/22294 (1992-093 launch continued overleaf) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES: 1992 ==================================================================================== Launch Date Spacecraft Launch Site Mass Orbital Descent Date Int'l Designation Launch Vehicle Epoch In 1992 Catalogue Number kg 1992 ==================================================================================== 1992-093, cont Dec 25.25 Debris ? Dec 27.53 (In Orbit) 1992-093K/22295 Dec 25.25 Debris ? Dec 27.16 (In Orbit) 1992-093L/22296 Dec 25.25 Debris ? Dec 27.94 (In Orbit) 1992-093M/22297 Dec 25.25 Debris ? Dec 26.94 (In Orbit) 1992-093N/22298 Second successful launch of Zenit-2 booster in five weeks after three successive fai payload, details of which are unknown. Orbital plane is 90o away from Cosmos 2219, with the orbital plane intended for the failed launches in 1990 October and 1991 Aug Four fragments in orbits with apogees of 1,140-1,160 km (1992-092E, F, G and H) are believed to be spring mounts carried to assist the separation of the payload from th Zenit second stage is a cylinder, 3.9 metres diameter and 10.41 metres long. Withi orbit, following a partial disintegration of the Zenit second stage: this represents orbit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WORLDWIDE SATELLITE LAUNCHES: 1992 ==================================================================================== Launch Date Spacecraft Launch Site Mass Orbital Descent Date Int'l Designation Launch Vehicle Epoch In 1992/1993 * Catalogue Number kg 1992 ==================================================================================== Dec 25.84 Cosmos 2228 Plesetsk 2,000 ? Dec 26.17 (In Orbit) 1992-094A/22286 Tsyklon-3 Dec 25.84 Tsyklon third stage 1,000 ? Dec 25.96 (In Orbit) 1992-094B/22287 Cosmos 2228 believed to be a small Worldwide ELINT satellite, the appearance of whic Tsyklon third stage is a stubby cylinder, approximately 2.3 metres diameter and 2.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dec 29.56 Cosmos 2229 Plesetsk 6,000 ? Dec 29.86 Jan 10 * 1992-095A/22300 Soyuz Dec 29.56 Soyuz third stage 3,000 ? Dec 29.74 (In Orbit) 1992-095B/22301 Tenth Bion biological satellite to be launched. Carried two monkeys, plants and in Spacecraft design based upon the original Vostok craft: sphere cylinder with a diame Soyuz third stage is a cylinder, approximately 2.66 metres diameter and 9 metres lon Orbital data of spacecraft at time of recovery still awaited as this Table is closed for the Soyuz third stage had not been issued through to 1993 January 5. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ********************************************************************************** UPDATES AND ADDITIONS ===================== International Designation Comment Catalogue Number 1969-082AT (04175) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 14. 1971-015CT (15342) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 23. 1978-024D (10803) Molniya fourth stage from Molniya-1 39 launch decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 11. 1979-017HD (16570) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 6. 1980-002F (11670) Molniya fourth stage from Molniya-1 46 launch decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 4. 1984-080E (22266) Newly catalogued fragment from Himawari 3 launch: orbit - 1992 Dec 1.25, 5.74o, 1,443.59 min, 35,399 km, 36,528 km, 144o. 1984-106H (22140) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 6. 1986-017GC (22023) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 12. 1986-017GK (22107) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 10. 1986-017GY (22228) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 8. 1987-040A (17969) Gorizont 14 has been rediscovered by USSPACECOM after being lost in June-July 1992. It is now drifting in the following orbit - 1992 Nov 22.68, 5.87o, 1,474.55 minutes, 36,406 km, 36,667 km, 249o. 1989-020D (19878) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 22. 1991-005D (22299) Newly catalogued fragment from the Cosmos 2122 mission: orbit - 1992 Dec 29.39, 64.93o, 92.80 minutes, 402 km, 422 km, 349o. 1991-072A (21743) Cosmos 2164 decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 12. 1992-054B (22088) CZ-2E second stage from Optus-B 1 launch decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 12. 1992-072A (22205) Galaxy 7 has reached its operational longitude over 269 oE: orbit - 1992 Nov 28.07, 0.10o, 1,436.09 minutes, 35,783 km, 35,790 km, 236o. 1992-081B (22239) Molniya third stage from the Cosmos 2222 launch decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 28. 1992-081C (22240) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 14. 1992-081E (22242) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 15. 1992-081G (22244) Decayed from orbit 1992 Dec 9. Additional Comments The international designations for the following catalogue numbers are not currently known, and therefore the objects cannot yet be assigned to their launches: 22263, 22264, 22265, 22267 and 22268. ============================================================================== CREDIT NOTICE Permission is granted for the unlimited discimination of this satellite listing, with the only provision being that it be credited to: Phillip S. Clark Molniya Space Consultancy 30, Sonia Gardens Heston Middlesex TW5 0LZ ENGLAND ------------------------------ Date: 25 Feb 93 18:26:45 GMT From: "Allen W. Sherzer" Subject: SSF Resupply (Was Re: Nobody cares about Fred?) Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1993Feb25.145255.18392@ke4zv.uucp> gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman) writes: >As was noted, Shuttle sized payloads can go up on Titans in the >short run. At the moment, no we can't. The Russians could but not us. >As for the thruster modules, since they are swapped >out every 180 days, it would be a simple matter to *add* valving >and fittings to a replacement pack to allow on orbit fueling at >any time. I'm glad you agree that it is simple. So let's do it now and save a few billion $$ by refueling in space? >Since we *are* counting on Shuttle for the >short run, there's no reason to incur the upfront costs of modifying >off the shelf thruster packs now. Let's see, we are looking at one to two flights a year dedicated to replacing thrusters. That's roughly 50 flights over the life of the station. Half could be eliminated with refueling so we are looking at a savings of over $12 billion by refueling in space. Are you actually saying that saving $12 BILLION isn't a good reason to incur that upfront expense for something you say is simple to do? Allen -- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Allen W. Sherzer | "A great man is one who does nothing but leaves | | aws@iti.org | nothing undone" | +----------------------110 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX----------------------+ ------------------------------ Newsgroups: sci.space From: Henry Spencer Subject: Re: Spaceflight for under $1,000? Message-Id: Date: Thu, 25 Feb 1993 16:13:24 GMT References: <1993Feb25.033025.534@ucsu.Colorado.EDU> Organization: U of Toronto Zoology Lines: 14 Sender: news@CRABAPPLE.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU Source-Info: Sender is really isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU In article <1993Feb25.033025.534@ucsu.Colorado.EDU> fcrary@ucsu.Colorado.EDU (Frank Crary) writes: >>Remember that good technical people cost you circa $1000/person/week even >>if you don't pay them terribly well. > >I take it graduate students are only worth about one quarter of a >"good technical person"? Grad students get paid in terms less crass than money -- the joy of learning. (Ho ho. Try telling that to your slumlord, er I mean landlord.) Note also that I said "cost", which includes more than just the salary. -- C++ is the best example of second-system| Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology effect since OS/360. | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ End of Space Digest Volume 16 : Issue 234 ------------------------------