1917 BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION After the success of the Socialist Fenruary Revolution in Russia in 1917,and the formation of a Provisional Government under Kerensky, Lenin returned from Switzerland to Russia, where with Trotsky he reorganised and revitalised the Bolshevik (Communist) Party. In October 1917, he overthrew the Kerensky government and set the stage for the complete takeover of all Russia by the Bolsheviks. Civil war followed, but eventually the Red Army emerged as the victors.